Federal Express Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Express - Case Study Example The firm has often come up with performance standard programs, which help the staff meet certain performance targets and retain its position in the field. "As a multi-national, ensuring consistent performance standards and corporate values throughout its employees in every country of operation is fundamental to maintaining and growing its global status." (Case Study) Over the decades, FedEx has faced fluctuating employee turnover rate. This has been due to the very demanding nature of work at FedEx and turnover rate is highest among courier, customer representatives and line managers. (Case Study) This explains who are assigned the toughest responsibilities. FedEx appreciates the efforts made by each person and rewards them appropriately but its performance setting programs have come under attack. We need to understand that delivering packages and documents on time is not an easy task. There are several unseen contingencies that can emerge such as weather conditions, road accidents, traffic jams and flight delays. In order to make sure that each and every packet is delivered on time, FedEx has to recruit people who are self-motivated, active, and young. But this age factor has caused trouble for FedEx. The firm that enjoys an important place in the corporate world cannot help discriminating on age since the nature of th

John Gatto Essay Example for Free

John Gatto Essay John Gatto uses many persuasive techniques to try and convince the reader that the reform of schools is necessary. He begins by including the audience that he is talking to in his ‘speech like’ manner â€Å"I accept this award on behalf of all of the fine teachers I’ve known over the years† this establishes personal contact with the audience and develops an appropriate register, therefore persuading them to agree with any further comments that he makes. To further support this, the writer goes on to suggest that teachers are not the problem, as he sees it, but school as an institution â€Å"although teachers do care and do work very hard, the institution they work in is psychopathic†. The writer uses the present tense throughout the entire article to highlight the immediacy of the situation and convince the reader that reform is needed. Gatto’s use of repetition of words like â€Å"useless† and â€Å"absurd† are used part way through the text in order to not only make a more forceful point, but also to emphasise the way that he feels. By repeating these negatively charged words he is attempting to influence the way reader would feel about education, therefore persuading them that reform is a necessity. He establishes the idea that reform is necessary with use of a rhetorical question â€Å"What can be done?† to not only guide the reader towards a solution but also to indicate that he will be offering a solution that the reader will agree with. Gatto uses the structure of short sentences in order to develop his argument and focus on key points, almost like a list – a way of simplifying his ideas. A single short sentence is further used â€Å" Schools are intended to produce formulaic human beings whose behaviour can be predicted and controlled.† to enhance the writer’s view about schools, therefore strengthening his argument and persuading his readership to agree that reform is wholly necessary. The use of the word ‘intended’ coupled with ‘formulaic, predicted and controlled’ to describe how children are taught further gains support from the audience about the immediacy for educational reform. To conclude, the writer has used this conversational tone throughout the text in order to make the reader feel as if he is speaking directly to them and thus forming a strong connection. He closes the article in an abrupt manner in order to focus the attention of the listener on the solution and uses a respectful close to make the listener feel that they have been a part of this discussion, further persuading them to feel as though they should act upon the cause that the writer is so passionate and emotional about. â€Å"The curriculum of family is at the heart of any good life†¦. Time to return to it. Enough. I’ve said my piece. Thank you.†

Camelot: Merlin :: essays research papers fc

Camelot: Merlin We all at one point or another dream. Imagine you are in another place or a another time, the future maybe, even maybe the past where years, days, centuries, minutes all irrelevant if you have imagination. I now dream of a time and place were men have such things as bravery and honor. I now speak of Camolot. The legendary castle wear Merlin the priest, Merlin the magie, and Merlin the wise is supposed to have lived. I am not the only person to dream this dream, many play writers and actors have shared this wonderful trip through time and space to where we may all interpret an event as we see fit. I will now show you who the real Merlin was and whom actors have made him out to be. I will then draw a parallel between the two times. I shall also tell you how merlin him self became part of this dream... Merlin, a man, or just stories to amuse everyone , myths, legends, or tall tails such as Santa Clause or the Easter bunny. Like the real King Arthur who was (really a 6th century ruler) transported through time to better fit the needs of the populas. The "transporting" begins in and around the 15th century. A man by the name of Thomas Malory felt the extreme need to give France, his country, a hero(s) in a time of great disappear. He felt it necessary to do this because the feudalist time in which he was living in, was slowly dying. He thought that if he could show people how many great hero(s) came out of this time period it would revive and flourish once more. He then turned to history to find such a hero. As needed to remedy the situation he found King Arthur of Britain. Even though a English man or a Britainian, he was said to be the best ruler to date (1500's.) Now that King Arthur has been chosen and changed a little to fit in with chivalry, part of feudalism he now needed a teacher. Researching even further he found a Druid priest by the name of Merlin. Druidism is and was a religion that delt with nature. There temple, church, meeting place, what ever you would like to call it, was a grove or thicket. They made sacrifice of animals and offered wheat, rice, and other grains. It was believe that Druid people were magical or even demons and monsters of some sort. Merlin was (as said before) infact a Druid priest. Merlin was a thinker and a very wise man.

Appointment with Love

Appointment with Love This is a short romantic story about a young lieutenant Blandford and a lady, Hollis Meynell, who had fallen in love with each other. The author shows us the possibility of existence of a real strong relationships even through a great distance and the fact that two people can be very close to each other even having never seen one another. The young lieutenant Blandford served during the war time in the air forces , while once he run across some witty notes made by a woman in the book which he had taken from the army library .He contacted her later and it so happened that she had had the power to reach inside of him through writing and renew his strength even from a far. They had been in touch, through writing, during thirteen month. This time the woman, who was 30, supported and inspired the lieutenant and they both trusted their true inner feelings to each other. At last the young people decided to meet ,personally, when the lieutenant was back from the Army, a t the train station in New York city.They both agreed that Hollis would identify him through the book â€Å"Of Human Bondage† and Hollis, would wear a red rose in her suit lapel, because actually, they did not know how which one of them looked like. Now the young lieutenant was waiting for this woman in Grand Central Station and worried a lot. They knew about each other only from their own words. The first woman he saw was a beautiful lady, wearing a green suit but unfortunately, she had no red rose on her jacket, as it was in their agreement.Then he turned around and saw a middle aged and unattractive woman who had, to his disappointment and chagrin, a red rose in her jacket’s lapel. For the young lieutenant that was the moment of truth. A lot of thoughts and feelings had flown throughout his mind and his heart like a hurricane during that dreadful moment but at last he somehow managed to control himself and moved towards her. He decided that no matter what would beco me with their relationship to stay friends with that woman , thinking that if so, their good friendship, for that matter, could be more valuable than love.He approached and greeted the lady and then asked for permission to take her to dinner. But was pleased to hear that she is not the one he was waiting for. She told him that Hollis had asked her to be her substitute for a little while and to wear the rose in her suit lapel so that she could test whether Blanford's feelings and intentions were really sincere. The main idea of the story is that if you love someone, you should love them for what they really are, and not for what they look like.

Dowry System

An essay on evils of dowry system in India. Dowry system is as old as man is. The dowry system is a social evil. It is prevalent in all parts of India and almost in all the countries of the world. In India many of the traditional customs have been given up, but the custom of dowry has not only continued, but flourished over the years. Even in the old age the dowry system was in vogue and dowry was used as means for striking a good match. In due course dowry became an integral part of the marriage institution and is generally accepted by the society as necessarily evil. e custom of dowry has become widespread. Even before the marriage, the amount to be given as dowry is discussed and settled with the change of time. The contents of dowry have undergone a great change. The boy's parents openly demand money and other items which include car, scooter, fridge, colour T. V. etc. The rate of dowry changes according to the qualification of the boy. There are â€Å"rates† fixed for I. A. S. , I. P. S. , P. C. S. , I. E. S. officers and qualified engineers and doctors. In fact, a regular marriage cannot be held and a marriage without dowry is almost unthinkable.Hence the custom has become a curse particularly for those parents who are either poor or unfortunate because they have several daughters. Hardly is there a day when one does not read of dowry deaths in the national daily newspapers. Brides bringing less than expected dowry are ill treated by their in-laws and other relatives. Many of them cannot bear it any more and commit suicide. Those who do not have enough courage to do so, are burnt alive by their husbands and the in-laws. Now and then voices have been raised against this evil custom.Even the social reformers like Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Dayanand tried their best to create a social consciousness against this practice. Also, the Dowry Prohibition Act was passed in 1961, but it has not made any difference. Laws never succeed in eradicating social evils. S ocial awakening is needed to achieve such goals. Now-a-days several women's organizations have come into being in order to check this evil. Even our young boys and girls are taking oath not to follow this evil customs. State governments have also come forward with better legislation. Now taking and giving dowry is made a organizable offence.Much has been done, but much more needs to be done. Though there is marked effect of this movement still people have not given it up totally. They have started secret deals. Total eradication of dowry system is possible only when the mentality of the people changes. Young boys and girls should not come under the pressure of parents. Educational institutions should canvass against the dowry system. Even children should be made to read stories dealing with ill-effects of dowry. People should be told how this system has weakened our nation. It should be installed in the minds of young men and women that to give and to take dowry is a sin.Hence, the evil can be curbed, and eliminated only through social awakening and reform. But in the meantime, the law and the judicial system must provide solace and all possible help to those who wish to resist the pernicious manifestations of the dowry system. Note This article will help you to get knowledge on what is dowry system in India, free essay on dowry system indie, dowry deaths, punishment for culpable homicide and torture, dowry system ppt, dowry system in india pdf, dowry system speech, dowry system slogans, essay on dowry harassment and etc.This is a good sample example essay / article for personal use only for kids, children’s, school and college students for doing individual research or writing it for the examination questions or scholarship or for any competition or competitive or entrance exams like the civil services, TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, ISB, MBA. If you don’t know how to write essay on controversial essay topics, then you can get help from online resources for p reparing your thesis. Moreover there are many websites that provides free essay services to help you to write custom essay paper or 5 paragraph essay or application essay on any current topics.But the best way to write award winning essay is to do the piece of writings in your own words. It must be noted down that this essay can be translated to other languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Maithili, Malayalam, Meithei, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and etc by using various online language translation services or softwares. For better academic results practice writing narrative, descriptive, debate essays, review , history, mega, imagery, analytical, persuasive as well as expository essays. Related Articles Essay on school students and politicsEssay on my village The Role of Non-Aligned Movement in World Affairs – Essay Essay on Diwali – The Festival of lights Essay on Liberalization and its impact in Indi a Are Borrowing or Lending, Both Unwise? – Essay Essay on changes in Indian communication system How to write an Essay on the role of planning in Indian Economy? An essay on airplane An hour at the railway station essay Essay on Robbery in a Running Train Essay on A Pick-pocket Caught Red-handed Why parliamentary form of government is best form of government in India? What measures should be taken to eradicate the evils of the caste system ?

The Scarlet Letter and The Young Goodman by Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter and The Young Goodman by Hawthorne Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote two stories by the title, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Young Goodman† in which he displays his authorial voice by mirroring the societies from their dark ends as shown by the puritan cultures. In â€Å"The Scarter Letter,† Hawthorne employs psychological fiction to display the innate evilness of human beings (Johnson 75).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"The Young Goodman† by Hawthorne specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, â€Å"The Young Goodman† is a story that revolves around wickedness that exists in the society and the role of characters in discovering these truths. Although the two stories vary in setting, the author uses similar thematic representations in portraying his concerns about the nature of the society during this moment (Johnson 75). In this paper, my ana lysis seeks to explore the similarities and differences between the two stories. Further, the analysis shall exhibit how the author succeeds in asserting his themes. Discussion Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† primarily consists of characteristic imagery, which tends to represent the underlying nature of the characters as well as events relevant to the thematic concerns of the text (Stubbs 1440). In this authorial piece, the concepts of light and darkness serve as a constant source that carries greater influences to the plot of the text in its entirety. These literary devices employed by the author succeed in underpinning the general imperative of creating images and color inherent in the Scarlet letter (Johnson 75). The idealistic choice of light in this piece of literature highlights the characteristic intentions and thought structure of the characters together with their intrinsic qualities as depicted by the author. The application of imagery and sym bolism in this piece of work begins with symbolization of the Old general depicts the reawakening of the characters upon being motivated by the actions of the other person. The narrator in the Custom House asserts through recall the significant image created in his mind by saying that those he worked with regarded him â€Å"in no other light† other than smart and sensible staff. On the other hand, darkness as a descriptive device qualifies in demonstrating the characters as evil (Stubbs 1440).Advertising Looking for critical writing on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, a change in the characteristic behavior of Hawthorne’s characters accompanies the change from darkness toward the light, which enhances the understanding of the nature and degree of transformation taking place from within the confines of the society. The red color as cited repeatedly in the text with its applic ation in the letter depicts the society’s condemnation of the evilness of Hester (â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† 59). In Goodman, the story takes us through a rather mysterious path full of wickedness in the puritanical society. In this story, the author clearly defines the thin line between goodness and evil, hence giving an impression of creativity (â€Å"Goodman† 36). In â€Å"The Scarter letter,† the author paints the presence of sin not in the literary forests, but rather in the symbolic image portrayed by Hester (Stubbs 1440). The other similarity that embodies both stories lies in the plot setting where woods appear in both. It is through the journey within and through these woods that the value and behavior of the characters come to change. The innate isolation feature of the protagonists in both stories depicts the author’s ability to demonstrate how the two separate worlds discriminate its people by condemning them to the lasting pains ( "The Scarlet Letter† 59). Goodman spends his life secluded from the rest and similarly Hester carries a symbol for that represents her suffering and humiliation so proudly as though it was a medal. These ironical representations displayed by Hester in carrying herself around with the symbol as an act to demonstrate to the society clearly affords a vivid comparative analysis of various sides of the society such as evil and good. Conclusion In this analysis, the critical study indicates that although the two stories differ in numerous ways, they all work to demonstrate how both characters remain on an emotional trail toward discovering their identity in terms of strengths and weaknesses. For instance, although Goodman finally discovered the inherent wickedness beholden by a man, he achieved in returning with him the knowledge and acceptance of the existence of sin (Stremberg 274). In all the works, the authors have managed to paint their characters in ways that portray their act ions and the resultant effects that arise thereof. Hawthorne’s depiction of women as the victims of masculinity in the society vividly gain evidence in the case of Hester as she swallows the charges for the sin she never committed. In leveraging the male characters from their real contribution of the evil in the society merits a connotation of darkness existing within the confines of the society at the expense of the less privileged in the society (Stremberg 274).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"The Young Goodman† by Hawthorne specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author demolishes the worth of females in the heavily puritanical society through Hester as the female protagonists carrying the connotations of invaluable people with no place to occupy in the society. Although the two pieces have followed completely different paths in their quest to achie ve the authorial themes, they all compare well in terms of the ability of the authors to display the ultimate discovery of the nature and place of different people in the society, and their role in shaping the minds and perception. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin, 1986. Print. .Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1992. Print. Johnson, Claudia. (1995). Understanding the Scarlet letter: a student casebook to issues, sources, and historical documents. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. Print. Stremberg, Maria. â€Å"Hawthornes Black Man: Image of Social Evil†. The Explicator 67.4 (2009): 274-275. Stubbs, John C. â€Å"Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’: The Theory of the Romance and the Use of the New England Situation.† PMLA 83.5 (1968): 1439–1447.

Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control The WritePass Journal

Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control Abstract Cinema is an Adventure , but the difficulty is that it is an adventure that you have to strive continually to control AbstractIntroductionJean Rouch as a Film maker and an Ethnographerâ€Å"Les Maitres Fous† (The Mad Masters)ConclusionBibliographyRelated Abstract The very perceptions and style of ethnographic cinema was changed with the intervention of late Jean Rouch’s films. He was considered as one of the founding fathers of Cinema Verite   or Real Cinema In France,   and Surrealism. Jacques Rivette (1968) considers Rouch as the force behind the entire French cinema made in past ten years. Rivette comments that the importance of Rouch is much more in the evolution of French Cinema than Godard with few people realizing it (Rivette,1968). According to Henley(2009) his sudden death in a road accident, in February 2004, made Visual Anthropology lose one of its precious gems. Rouch was a visionary and a true believer in the strength of lenses. In most of his interviews he talked about the power of camera and the responsibility attached to it. He believed that camera had the power to reveal the inner most beliefs and impressions of mankind (Henley,2009). My first encounter with Rouch’s films was in my Visual Anthropology classe s. At first I found it quite difficult to understand his films as most of them were in French. However Rouch’s different and controversial approach to ethnographic cinema with his very interesting personal touch in all his films molded me to watch his movies in spite of such difficulties. Henley comments that though Rouch made more than one hundreds of films but only handful films have been distributed far wide while majority of the films remain unknown and difficult to see specially for English speaking world (Henley,2009). The most interesting fact about Jean Rouch’s cinema, as Mick Eaton puts forward was that, Rouch believed that more observations can be done with a film rather in direct observations. He suggested that through films you can get more feedback from your subjects and participants which make the observation far more interesting and trustworthy. Rouch belived that his films were for greater number of people, it is a fight against the colonial oppressions and colonial notions of other societies as savages.(Eaton, n.d) Through his films he conveyed the message that was given by Malinowski long back. He asked people to understand each society in their own unique context and to respect their values and institutions. Rouchs films are true representation of his thoughts on humanity and global understanding (Eaton,n.d). Introduction My earnest desire to write a Visual Anthropology essay on the works and contributions of Late Jean Rouch grew more profound after watching his film† Les Maites Fous† (The Mad Masters) .The film was released in the year 1955 and was a subject of great dispute among the various African intellectuals and French scholars. At the first glance I felt very uncomfortable with the scenes and visual presentations of the Film, but as I kept on watching it, true meanings of the film kept on unfolding in front of my eyes. One of the major reasons for choosing Jean Rouch and his film as the topic of my essay is because through my research I realized that most of the scholars and researchers have avoided critical evaluation and organized research   on Rouch’s films due to unavailability of the films and also because major number of films are in French. This has diminished the contribution of Jean Rouch and his films in the sector of Anthropological and Ethnographic films to an extent especially in the English Speaking Countries. The neglecting behavioral pattern towards Rouch’s films instigated me to find out more about Jean Rouch and his films. As Paul Stroller (1992) puts forward, that Jean Rouch is not given the right place in the history of anthropology and film and is often misunderstood and condemned by different scholars. In this essay I will talk about the various notions attached to Jean Rouch and his films, while critically evaluating his work â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†(The mad masters), 1955. Jean Rouch as a Film maker and an Ethnographer Jean Rouch saw cinema as an adventure and himself as an adventurer. As Claude Jutra(1960) comments â€Å" A chronicle of the Rouchian adventure is certainly an exciting prospect , but it is one that I approach with caution. One never admires without reservation. Any tribute carries within it an element of denunciation. No eulogy deserves to be trusted unless it is combined with certain degree of meanness†. (Jutra,1960:2). Jean Rouch dreamt of cinema as the only means of telling truth about people and societies. Stroller designated Rouch as the most prolific ethnographic filmmaker in the world whose ethnographic works are much unknown (Stroller,1992). Rouch clearly represented a unique combination of anthropology and art in his films. According to Brink, he was a filmmaker who did the most initiating job in pushing the boundaries of visual anthropology to an extent whilst still following the important norms and perceptions of visual anthropology of his time (Brink,n.d). Henley(2009) claimed that his films blurred the distinct lines between fiction and reality. As Jean Rouch himself, elaborately comments â€Å"For me as Filmmaker and ethnographer, there is practically no frontier between documentary film and fiction film. Cinema art of the double, represents a transition from the real world to the world of the imaginary, while ethnography, the study of other a peoples’ system of thought, involve s a permanent criss-crossing from one conceptual universe to another, a form of acrobatic gymnastics, in which losing your footing is the least of the risks†.(Rouch,1981:31) Rouch’s most remarkable films were Les Maitres Fous (The Mad Masters 1955),Moi Un Noir (1958),Jaguar (1967), andChronique d’un ete (1960).  Ã‚   Grimshaw and Eaton suggested that Jean Rouch’s films were much controversial in nature as well as did create a lot of debates among the scholars and intellectuals of younger generations. Surprisingly enough, among the anthropologists, there has been a substantial transformation in the approach towards Rouch’s films which has made it as one of the best examples of traditional ethnographic films. Stroller comments Jean Rouch as the Champion of the African Ethnography and the â€Å"Father of The Nigerian Cinema†(Stroller,1992).Brink states that Rouch gave primary focus to African people in his films, which made his cinema appealing and engaging to a limited number of audiences (Brink,n.d). According to Eaton, Rouch wanted his cinema not only to serve the purpose of anthropological education but also to use i t in much greater scale in order to understand the universal human interests and disciplines (Eaton,n.d). Henley remarked that Rouch believed in 100% participation in the events he filmed (Henley,2009). According to Edgar Morin, Rouch was a â€Å"Filmmaker Driver† who immerses himself into the life of his subjects and participants. Morin who was a well known French sociologist, worked with Jean Rouch in one of his most celebrated works â€Å"Chroinicle of a Summer† or â€Å"Chronique d’ un ete†in 1960. It was him who categorised Rouch’s films as â€Å"Cinema Verite†. Morin has explained this term as â€Å"there remain the most difficult, the most moving, the most secret (aspect of social life): wherever human feelings are at stake , wherever the individual is directly involved , wherever there are interpersonal relationships of authority, subordination , comradeship , love , hate in other words everything connected with emotion fabric of h uman existence . There lies the great terra incognita of the sociological or ethological cinema , of â€Å"Cinema Verite† . There lies its promised land (Morin, 1962:5) â€Å"Cinema Verite† is very much different from the direct cinema. Rouch viwed â€Å"Cinema Verite† as   â€Å"Cinema Provocation†. He explained that through this provocation a new form of cinema emerges which is more realistic than the real. The most interesting fact is that at first Rouch, himself was a great supporter of direct Cinema but with the time he got more indulged into the fictional films following the ethnological perception.   According to Michel Marie (1976), â€Å"Direct† in the technical sense of the term designates the synchronous recording of image and sound , the concept of direct cinema designates first of all a new technique of recording pro-filmic reality. This term replaced the more enigmatic cinema such as â€Å"Cinema Verite† at the beginning of the sixties, applies beyond a simple technique, to the whole new stream of practices which overthrew methods of film making that was previously standardized completely through the industrial model. Marie commented that â€Å"As opposed to industrial cinema, fictional and spectacular, in case of direct cinema the action to be filmed is void of an anterior status† (Marie,1976:35). â€Å"Cinema Verite† It is a kind of cinema where there is a good amount of conversation and interaction between filmmaker and his subject. In this form of cinema there may be also little provocations which can be noticed from the filmmakers side to his subjects (Feld,2003).   Rouch as a kid was very much influenced by the film â€Å"Nanook Of the North† (1922), which became an inspiration to the films that he made in later life. Brink states that Rouch inserted new forms and ways in the style of film making. With his work he blurred the difference between real and unreal, truth and fantasy and literally played with his lenses. It was interesting to note that his inquisitive nature and the use of new technology gave birth to a different genre of cinema which more or less became unique in its own ways.   As Mick Eaton (n.d) suggests that Rouch has tried to defend his film making practice in a very significant way, according to Rouch his presence during the film making is a very crucial factor not because people i.e. his subjects and participants will reveal themselves more openly and honestly out of trust and faith but more because they will lie and feel uncomfortable. It is the manifestation of this side of participants which will be regarded as more profound disclosure than anything â€Å"candid camera† or â€Å"living cinema† ever could disclose. Eaton followed the words of Jean Rouch believed that camera uniting with presence of its director acts as a catalyst to the whole process of film making.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thompson comments that Surre alism played a very important role in the development of Rouch’s films (Thompson,n.d). Surrealism as a cultural movement influenced the mind of Jean Rouch to a great extent. It was a philosophical movement which according to Henley became very popular in Paris during the world war. Jean Rouch claimed in 1967 that for him making a film or cinema is like a surrealist painting. Rouch was a bridge builder in true sense. He bridged the gap between film and anthropology along with an introduction to new techniques and style of film making. Brink comments that â€Å"The filmmaker who was educated as civil engineer became a true bridge builder between film and anthropology, film and art, fiction and documentary , Europe and Africa†(Brink,n.d:2) Grimshaw states that Rouch’s Anthropological films are mostly based on the sense of intuition and are idiosyncratic in approach. His films are a visual treat for the students of visual anthropology. Grimshaw strikes a comparison between the anthropological cinemas of Jean Rouch and Mac Dougall where she describes Mac dougall cinema as detailed and practical while Rouch’s anthropological films to be more idealistic and imaginative. According to Grimshaw , rouch was a visionary   who used his films as a way to interpret the complexities and connections between the world and humanity. His ethnographic films were very much influenced by the political situation at that time. Rouch was very much inspired by the different freedom movements by the colonial people during that time which brought huge political, economic and social transitions around the world saw the colonies as oppressive masters. According to Grimshaw, Rouch was not only supportive of these movements but also gave different humanitarian expressions to it (Grimshaw,2001). Rouch’s ethnographic sensibilities as a film maker and anthropologist was very much shaped by his individualistic nature, background and political circumstances in France during that time (Grimshaw,2001). Rouch as an Anthropologist was very much trained in the path Maussian ideologies a very well know French anthropologist during 1920s till 1940s. Henley comments that Rouch himself never met Mauss but he came to know about his contributions in Anthropology through his supervisor Marcel Griaule who was a student of Mauss himself. Maussian influence is very much evident in earlier works of Jean Rouch, especially in the films he and Rosefelder produced together during their expeditions. Inspired greatly by Mauss’s idea to use camera gave birth to Rouch’s lifelong interest in â€Å"salvage ethnography†(Henley,2009). The most significant and appealing part of Rouch’s journey is that though other leading ethnographic film makers such as Robert Gardner and Judith Mac Dougall (2006) have made films based on different continent. However, Rouch’s focus has always been on Paris and Africa, with more concentration on Niger.   This approach of his was mostly influenced by Griaule (1938) and Dieterlen (1987) who believed that it takes twenty to thirty years to understand and have a deep knowledge about a particular society. This view is significantly supported by Jutra’s comment â€Å"Rouch, the ethnologist! Rouch, the explorer! Rouch, the traveler ! mere appearances. Rouch has two very circumscribed habitats : Paris and Niger†¦ he has no desire to cross these boundaries that he has so carefully traced†¦. Rouch is sedentary, a stay – at – home.†(Jutra,1961:116) From all the works of Jean Rouch I will consider Les Maitres Fous as the starting point of his greater expression for universal humanity. This film is notable in ways that it establishes and evokes the contours of Rouch’s humanistic vision (Grimshaw,2001) â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† (The Mad Masters) This film was first screened in Paris in the year 1955. According to Grimshaw the small number of audience of African intellectuals and French anthropologist present in the premiere of the film in Musee De l’ Homme was largely antagonistic in its response to Rouch’s works. Marcel Griaule called for the fim to be destroyed; Africans present during the screening of the film rejected it as bigoted and insulting. Shortly afterwards British government banned this movie to be shown in the colonial territories of West Africa (Grimshaw, 2001). Today† Les Maitres Fous† is widely accepted and considered as a classic of contemporary cinema. After watching the film consecutively for the third time I realized that the film’s power to move and perturb the audience has not reduced at all with the passage of time. Grimshaw comments that â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† inaugurates the distinguished series of films, which Rouch made between 1954 and 1960. Some of the fi lms which were made during this time was Jaguar, â€Å"Moi Un Noir†and â€Å"Chronique d’un Ete†, the most important fact about all of these films was that all f them were based in different themes. It is one of the most significant films in the growth of Rouch’s works as an ethnographer (Eaton n.d). Feld (2003) illustrates that Les maitres Fous was the earliest departure from purely evocative cinemas into a more unreal approach to event structures. He claims that having experiencing a ceremony several times, Rouch thought of breaching the vital aspects and approaches them as dramatic narratives. According to Eaton Rouch was asked to make this film after him and his wife Jane had given lecture at the British council in Accra. Rouch was approached by some of the Hauka priests and initiates present in that lecture who approached him to film their Hauka Annual Ceremony. The priests wanted to record the event not only to preserve it as a film and memory but also so that it could be used I the ritual itself (Eaton,n.d) . Grimshaw reflects that the film basically documents the course of possession ceremony held during one Sunday by members of the Hauka sect working as migrant labourers in Accra. During 1920s there was a form of strong resistance against the French colonial rule by this Hauka cult who had moved from their villages to work in Kumasi and Accra , the commercial areas of British dominated Gold Coast (Grimshaw, 2001)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . According to Feld the Haukas were the most famous possession cult among the Songhay , that reached its full expression in Ghana, brought by the migrants from Niger. Mick Eaton explained that these ceremonies of Hauka sect started in the late 20s in the upper Niger region. Discriminated by the French colonial administration and adjudicated by rigid Islamic supporters many of the members of the Hauka sect moved to Ghana in the thirtees working as a migrant labourer throughout the gold coast region. Haukas defined themselves as the â€Å"new gods† the spir its of power and the winds (Eaton n.d) .The film vividly views the members of the Hauka cult working at menial task in the city during the week then in the possession trance during the weekend and again back to work in the week. The film starts with the scene of Bustling city of Accra where different people from across West Africa jostle up with one another sharing the â€Å"Great African adventure of work and life†. From the start the film appears to be imparting a sense of complexities, movements and characteristics of urban life.   Then there is sudden shift of events and audience find themselves plunged into a dark deep forest where Hauka people travelled by buses and trucks. According to   Rouch’s commentary   this was the place where the Hauka annual ceremony takes place and where the high priest of Hauka known as Mountebya lives.   The film shows the preliminary stages of confessions and appointment of new members before arriving into a dramatic climax w here members become possessed, adopting the identities and conventional behavior of British governor and his crew. The ceremony reaches its peak with the killing and eating of a dog, slowly Dusk approaches and Hauka people emerges from their trance and get prepared to return to Accra. The film ends with streams of flashbacks. Rouch is shown to return the following day to the same Hauka members who were possessed in the ceremony, calmy and efficiently working in their respective jobs (Grimshaw,2001). The possessed and frothing of the mouth, dribbling saliva flecked with the blood of the butchered dog, the violent and uncontrollable body movements and disturbing style of eating the dog meat are the most troubling factors of the film which shocks the senses of human mind and leaves a lifelong impression in ones’ mind. These shocking scenes of the film justify the fact behind the film being rejected by most of its audience as a whole. Indeed as James Clifford notes that this film stands as Rouchs’s manifestation of Griaule’s recognition that ethnographic observation involves conflict. According to Grimshaw â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†, reveals the sharp contrast between the conception of a shared or participatory anthropological cinema persued by Mac Dougall and the one practiced by Rouch†(Grimshaw,2001:101) â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† is distinguished for its intricate style camera work which Rouch adopted during his earlier life after the destruction of his tripod. Grimshaw (2001) also talks about Rouch’s narration in the Film as improvised or unrehearsed. It is his commentary that makes the film comprehensible and incomprehensible at the same time. Feld commented that Rouch made the film â€Å" Using a montage to create contexting boundaries and making the most of the technical limitation of twenty five second shots (he was still using a 16mm camera),Rouch was able to make a short film with more explicative depth and synthesis than his previous ethnographic studies†.(Feld,2003:5) As   Feld (2003) and Eaton (n.d) both expressed   that the film was shot on a hand cranked 16mm Bell and Howell Camera which allowed for 25 second shots, but it was also edited in the camera as much as possible and the ultimate shooting ratio turned out to be 8 – 10. The sound was recorded by Lam Ibrahim Dia and Damoure Zika, one of the first Africans whom Rouch knew quite well from his first trip to during the war, using a scubitophone which is a portable though heavy tape recorder with a clockwise motor that had to be wound up between takes.   Henley   added that the film is of 28 mins, edited by Suzzane Brown and produced by Les Films de la Pleiade and was awarded Grand Prix in the ethnographic category of the Venice Film festival in 1955 (Henley,2009). Eaton significantly estimated that Rouch’s use of voice over in â€Å"Les Maitres Fous† does not preserve the primacy of the images rather sets up completely different relation with sound and image. Rou ch not only translates the ceremony held by Huaka sect but more or less acts it out which in a way kills the authenticity of an ethnographic documentary (Eaton,n.d). Cooper (2006) suggests that though Rouch has tried to gain ethnographic knowledge through his ethnographic films as claimed by Jay Ruby (2000) but there is still a lot of space in acknowledging the fact which cannot be known or understood through the lenses. With no formal training in film making and direction, Rouch suprsing arose as a rule breaker in the Film world. Les Maitres Fous was one of the biggest examples of such rule break. According to Cooper† Les Maitres Fous† as a film can be represented in two ways at first considering the fact it is filmed by a western filmmaker it can be interpreted as a show of uncivilized attitude by the African Hauka people and secondly it can also be deciphered as African representation of the oppressive colonial western culture and its position in their society (Cooper ,2006). According to Homi.K .Bhabha the film is a clear representation of mockery to the oppressive colonial rule and their power show while showing the deep sighted pains of oppressed Africans (Bhabha,1994). The voice over used by rouch in the film is quite assertive and does influence the thinking process of the audiences a lot. Conclusion Rouchian cinema indeed consists of the most exciting form of ethnography which can be traced in all of his movies. My personal experience of Rouch’s film is a mixture of both the senses of agitation and fascination simultaneously. His film is indeed an experience of life time which stays in your memory till the last days of your life and which evokes the true spirit of humanity irrespective of class race and ethnicity. Through this Essay I have tried to discuss the various aspects of Jean Rouch’s cinema significantly concentrating my attention on â€Å"â€Å"Les Maitres Fous†. This movie disturbed my senses and my thinking about the human acceptance of culture. Through this film I realized that each society is different and is composed of different social dynamics. To me this film is a clear representation of the influence of oppressive western civilizations on the Africans and there after effects on African society. Though it should be also noted that this film has a element of fiction into it which sometimes covers the facts and presents a new form of truth which cannot be trusted sometimes. Cinema is the combination of rational, irrational, fiction and fact. Rouch expresses these elements more profoundly through his movies. Bibliography Henley, P .2009. The Adventure of the Real: Jean Rouch and the craft of Ethnographic Cinema. London and Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Ltd. Grimshaw, A . 2001. The Ethnographer’s Eye : Ways of seeing In Anthropology .New York , Cambridge and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Stroller, P.1992 .The cinematic Griot:the ethnography of Jean Rouch .London and Chicago: The University Of Chicago Press. Cooper , S .2006. Selfless Cinema?:Ethics and French Documentary. London: Legenda. Bhabha, H.K.1994. Bhabha: The Location Of Culture. New York: Routledge. Ruby ,J. 2000.Picturing Culture: explorations of film anthropology. Chicago and London:The University Of Chicago Press. Griaule , M. 1938. Masques Dogons. California:Institut dethnologie . MacDougall , D.2006. The corporeal image: film, ethnography, and the senses. Oxfordshire and New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Eaton, M.,n.d. Chronichle. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute. p 1-34 Michel, M.,n.d. Direct. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute. p 35-39 Eaton, M.,n.d. The production of Cinematic Reality. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute.p 40-53 Rouch,J.,n.d. The Camera and Man. In: Eaton. M,ed. 1979. Anthropology Reality Cinema: The films of Jean Rouch. Colchester and London:British Film Institute.p54- 63 Brink.J.T.,n.d. Introduction. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press.p 1 Nijiland,D.,n.d. Jean Rouch: A builder of bridges. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press.p21 Grimshaw.A.,n.d.Adventure on the Road:Some reflections on Rouch and His Italian Contemporariries. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press. Thompson.C.,n.d. Chance and Adventure in the Cinema and Ethnography of Jean Rouch. In.Joram .T.B,ed. 2007.Building Bridges: The cinema of Jean Rouch.London and New York :Wallflower Press Feld.S.,2003. Cinà ©-ethnography Jean Rouch.Minneapolis:University Of Minnesota Press

Greek Winter Solstice Celebrations in Honor of Poseidon

Greek Winter Solstice Celebrations in Honor of Poseidon Solstice (from the Latin sol sun) celebrations honor the sun. At the summer solstice in late June, there is no dearth of the sun, so celebrants just enjoy the extra hours of daylight, but by the winter solstice in late December, the days are much shorter as the sun sets earlier. Winter solstice celebrations often include two activities related to the failing sun: producing light and enjoying the cover the darkness provides. Thus, it is common for winter solstice celebrations to include candle lighting, bonfire creation, and drunken debauchery. Poseidon and the Winter Solstice In Greek mythology, the sea god Poseidon is one of the most lascivious of the gods, producing more children than many other gods. Greek calendars varied from polis to polis, but in some Greek calendars, a month around the time of the winter solstice is named for Poseidon. In Athens and other parts of ancient Greece, there is a month that roughly corresponds with December/January that is named Poseideon for the sea-god Poseidon. Despite the fact that the Greeks were the least likely to sail during these months, they held a celebration in Athens called Posidea to celebrate Poseidon. Haloea and Womens Rites At Eleusis there was a festival called Haloea on the 26th of the month Poseideon. The Haloea- a festival for Demeter and Dionysus- included a procession for Poseidon. The Haloea is thought to have been a time for merriment. There is mention of a womens rite in connection with this holiday: Women are provided with wine and food, including cakes in the shapes of sexual organs. They withdraw to themselves and exchange scurrilous banter, and are teased with suggestions of promiscuity whispered in their ears by the priestesses. [p.5] The women are thought to have stayed secluded throughout the night and then to have joined the men the next day. While the women were off eating, drinking, and sounding much like the women of Lysistrata, the men are thought to have created a big pyre or a bunch of little bonfires. Poseidonia of Aegina The Poseidonia of Aegina may have taken place in the same month. There were 16 days of feasting with rites of Aphrodite concluding the festival. Like the Roman festival of Saturnalia, the Poseidonia became so popular it was extended so that Athenaeus makes it 2 months long: In sum, the celebrants feast to satiety, then turn to lascivious teasing. What is the ritual purpose of such conduct? It obviously suits Poseidons mythical reputation as the most lustful of gods, who far surpasses Apollo and Zeus in the number of his liaisons and his offspring. Poseidon the seducer is god of springs and rivers[...] Source Poseidons Festival at the Winter Solstice, by Noel Robertson, The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1984), 1-16.

How significant a problem is youth offending Essay

How significant a problem is youth offending - Essay Example Their stay in the prison must be utilized to fine-tune their personality, so that upon release, they would find it easy to assimilate into the mainstream of society. The negligent society and adults are responsible for majority of the criminal offenses by young people. Early life experiences have much to do with the criminal leanings of the youngsters. Low achievement in school, family history of problem behavior, and lack of social commitment could be some of the reasons for the youth to get into crimes. Youth offenders should not be treated as the regular criminals. Mercifully, there is a separate youth justice system to look after this aspect, through the intervention of Youth Courts. In his book titled â€Å"Criminology† Tim Newburn, deals extensively on this subject in chapter â€Å"Youth Crime and Youth Justice (p714-741). He highlights the role of the administration, the working of the prisons, police and measurement of youth offending and tries to offer appropriate solutions. No two young offenders are alike and they require varied types of counseling on the basis of their backgrounder information, as to what led them to the path of crime. Society and administration have lots of responsibility in treating and looking after the first time offenders. Youth, besides being combustible, have impressionable minds. Every offender is not a criminal, but has the potentiality to become one, if not guided well in time. What is important is to develop an understanding of the causes of crime. What is the possible solution? Newburn writes, â€Å"†¦imposition of an overreaching aim for youth justice, the creation of the Youth Justice Board to oversee practice, and the establishment of multi-agency Youth Offending Teams to deliver justice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p.549) are important. The ultimate aim of the reforming agencies is to target the offending behaviour and to address the specific factors linked with offender’s

Forced Drug Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forced Drug Testing - Essay Example Thu the philosophy of testing pretrial arrestees for drug tests was introduced. However, the drawbacks to drug testing are far beyond its merits. The biggest problem is the difficulty with which they are implemented and the costs these tests produce (Visher). Tax-payers need to know that their hard-earned money is going into an investment that will reap suitable rewards. If the justice system enforces these tests, they have little or no proof that the ideology behind them is proving to be effective. These tests and their costs will only gain full approval when they show statistics lowering crime which should show the success of these drug tests. There is also the belief that those who were tested for drugs the first time were actually better fits in society than repeated offenders who always tested negative for drugs (Belenko , Mara-Drita , and McElroy 1992). This idea provides proof that no individual can be fully judged on the basis of his drug use. The theory is vital also because most criminals who enter the pretrial drug tests are users and their behavior very rarely if never reflects their crimes The defenders of the drug tests feel it to be a vital solution in improving the justice system.

The storage and transportation of spill cleanup waste under the Research Paper

The storage and transportation of spill cleanup waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - Research Paper Example This act also helps in preserving energy through waste reprocessing and eliminating the hazardous waste as quickly as possible. The act ensures that the waste is properly managed to protect public health and the environment1. RCRA mainly edges on hazardous waste management with respect to storage and transportation. In RCRA the role of the industry is to obey Federal and State waste management rules so that the disposal of the waste does not harm the health and environment. Public participation in the awareness of the waste management program is very important. The main activity of public is to monitor and report the condition caused by waste management resulting in a threat to health and safety. The term ‘hazardous waste’ means ‘solid waste or combination of solid wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration or physical , chemical or infectious characteristics’ may increase the mortality rate and create both health and environmental hazard by transp orting, storing or disposing improperly. RCRA takes help of Environment Policy Act (EPA) to identify the hazardous waste2. This paper will discuss the origin, purpose, aims, and the works of RCRA act putting maximum emphasis on the storage and transportation of chemical spill and the clean up waste under the RCRA. ... The organization where the employees work can also be subject to civil penalty. The main aim of RCRA is to protect the people from hazards of waste disposal by cleaning up the waste that has been created by spill or any leakage. Under RCRA, hazardous waste program deals with the waste from its origin till its disposal. RCRA acts main focus is on recycling and safe disposal of the industrial waste. RCRA also regulates the treatment, storage, and removal of hazardous waste. RCRA disposes hazardous waste not only from industries but from hospitals, universities, and other entities3. Battery acids, pharmaceutical waste, and other chemical waste are examples of hazardous waste. EPA sanctioned states in United States to function their own hazardous programs including generators, transporters, and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs)4. Storage Hazardous wastes are stored in a container. The storage of waste in these containers should be according to the regulations laid down by the RCRA. It deals with the storage and transportation of the hazardous waste. The container should be in good condition. Proper inspections of these containers have to be done. RCRA first identifies the materials that are used to make the container. Then it decides on the type and the quality of waste that would be stored in the container. Oil spill is a serious problem which causes great devastation to flora and fauna. Oil spill effects in many ways distort the ecological balance. Oil spill is assumed to be a hazardous waste. Mostly oil is stored in the underground storage tanks (USTs). Above ground oil is also stored in the tanks (AST) under the

Introduction to Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Psychology - Essay Example Having said that one must understand that it is basically not easy to have management between a demanding job and taming children, not to forget the successful completion of household responsibilities as well. When one speaks to his colleagues or neighbors about the same, the result is that nearly everyone is passing through the same phase, it is just a matter of how much pressure and stress a particular individual can take, at a particular moment of time. Stress is indeed a very common problem. Just as all the good things in life, the comfort of modern living cannot be have on the part of the people without paying a cost for it. Among other things that have come hand in hand with the same, it has brought about the phenomenon of stress alongside it nonetheless. This problem seems to emanate all the same from the sort of commercialization that we are witnessing in the present times and not to forget the ruthless market economies and a senseless notion of consumerism attached with this. Especially true is the fact that spending money has become the sole criterion for success and achievement in the modern times. For a number of people, the rat race for acquiring money and material possessions is a symbol of success that they have achieved and it given more importance by the society in which we live in that aims to signify people by the standards as laid down by material possessions and the amount of money that one has. This rat race brin gs with it heaps of stress and tension and anxious living conditions are a manifestation of what can bring a person down every now and then. This kind of intensity was studied by a number of different research studies which stated that stress forms up as the most basic cause of nearly 80 percent of all human illnesses – which accounts for a huge statement if not a huge figure so to speak. One must understand that stress and anxiety are in all essence mental problems and that they develop as the mind chases as

The History of Sugar and Its Influence Assignment - 1

The History of Sugar and Its Influence - Assignment Example In seeking to integrate with such an understanding and leverage a further realization for how current society ingests larger and larger amounts of sugar, as well as the ways in which societal stakeholders can seek to lessen the impacts of sugar consumption, the August 2013 issue of National Geographic features a cover story that is entitled â€Å"Sugar (A Not so Sweet Love Story)†. The following analysis will seek to derail the discussion and summary of the analysis which the author performs. It is the hope of this student that such a summary will be useful in helping not only to understand the key points of the authors argument but also with regards to utilizing these understandings and prescriptions for a better life and an overall decrease in the level of obesity and health impacts that the consumption of too much sugar has been tied to. Firstly, the author traces the history of how sugar came to be introduced to the West and subsequently the remainder of the world. As with so many inventions and development in human history, the spread of Empire was ultimately the vehicles through which most of the world came to integrate with the consumption of sugar. The author indicates that era conquerors were the first to spread an awareness and appreciation for sugar and the lands that they conquered. In comparing to the spread of sugar throwing paint at a fan, the author discusses the way through which an appreciation of refined sugar and the means through which it can be added to see dishes and ingredients as a means of making things tastier, the author points to how the spread of sugar into the West was first evidenced around 500 B.C.E. him from this point, sugar production spread into much of the Western world and was incorporated into the diet of individuals; albeit to a much lesser degree that it is within the current ti me.

Introduction to Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Psychology - Essay Example Having said that one must understand that it is basically not easy to have management between a demanding job and taming children, not to forget the successful completion of household responsibilities as well. When one speaks to his colleagues or neighbors about the same, the result is that nearly everyone is passing through the same phase, it is just a matter of how much pressure and stress a particular individual can take, at a particular moment of time. Stress is indeed a very common problem. Just as all the good things in life, the comfort of modern living cannot be have on the part of the people without paying a cost for it. Among other things that have come hand in hand with the same, it has brought about the phenomenon of stress alongside it nonetheless. This problem seems to emanate all the same from the sort of commercialization that we are witnessing in the present times and not to forget the ruthless market economies and a senseless notion of consumerism attached with this. Especially true is the fact that spending money has become the sole criterion for success and achievement in the modern times. For a number of people, the rat race for acquiring money and material possessions is a symbol of success that they have achieved and it given more importance by the society in which we live in that aims to signify people by the standards as laid down by material possessions and the amount of money that one has. This rat race brin gs with it heaps of stress and tension and anxious living conditions are a manifestation of what can bring a person down every now and then. This kind of intensity was studied by a number of different research studies which stated that stress forms up as the most basic cause of nearly 80 percent of all human illnesses – which accounts for a huge statement if not a huge figure so to speak. One must understand that stress and anxiety are in all essence mental problems and that they develop as the mind chases as

The Five Forces by Michael Porter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Five Forces by Michael Porter - Essay Example This model distinguished the strength of rivalry and hence the revenues and attractiveness of an industry. Five Forces Model can be utilized as an instrument to enhance a strategic edge over the rivalry of companies inside an industry in a competitive manner. The Five Forces Model is as follow (Bowers et al, 1990): The characteristics of these forces provide the companies the appropriate framework to give them the ability to create the necessary strategies in order to be successful in the industry (Thurby, 1998). To provide an in-depth review of the industry where a company dwells, the researcher will use Porter's five forces model (Campbell et al, 2002). The model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability; part of this difference is explained by industry structure. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces (Cemal and Keskin, 2003). The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. The discussion will be initially covered by the description of the buyer's power over the industry followed by the depiction of the power of suppliers over the companies (David, 1999). Another attribute of the industry that will be taken into account is the intens ity of competition among companies as well as the level of potency of new companies who have recently entered the market of retail. And finally, the ability of substitute product to affect the business disposition of a company will also be taken into consideration (David, 2001). Buyer's Power Based on Porter's five forces analysis, companies in the industry sell to a few large customers/buyers (Downes, 1999). Likewise, the industry also displays an apparent impracticality for customers/buyers to switch from one source of supply to another. This is reflected by the cost of raw materials as well as the costs of operations. Moreover, the products offered by companies in the industry are essentially interchangeable and indistinguishable (Gratton, 1999). The product

Raslila Essay Example for Free

Raslila Essay Raslila has a basic script which has to be followed, but it has enough scope for improvisation as well. Though the emphasis of Raslila is on darshan or the visual appeal, it is important to capture the bhava or the sentiment. This is done through music, dance and drama enacted by the actors. The various raasas or dramatic flavors like friendship, conjugal love, parental love, amazement, compassion, humour, chivalry, fury, fear and dread are expressed through this traditional folk form. The range of the villagers who perform raslila is quite vast. They perform legends that portray different stages of Krishnas youth. In some areas of Uttar Pradesh raslila is performed only by Brahmin boys in the age group of 13 to 14 years. Even now, many roles of sakhis or mother of Radha and Krishna are performed by men disguised as women. Raslila is also performed by mobile troupes moving from village to village. A traditional raslila usually lasts for three and a half hours. The dance form was originated during the amorous encounters of milkmaids with Lord Krishna. Legend goes that when all the milkmaids started demanding Krishna to be their dance partner, Krishna cast a spell so that each of those milkmaid thought Krishna wasdancing with them. This marked the birth of Raslila. Raslila is generally performed by mobile troupes that roam around village to village. This dance is performed primarily on Rasia, a song form that is entirely based on the theme of Krishna-Radha love. Raslila is a folk tradition that has incorporated elements of Indian classical music, drama and dance. This presentation goes beyond professionalism. Though the dramas have basic scripts there is ample room for improvisation and extemporization, only to return to its formal delineation after the inspiration of the creative force is consumed. The emphasis is on seeing through sound (darshan). The visual sense is to enhance, but the ultimate ingredient is the bhava, a particular mood or sentiment conveyed by the music and songs, which along with the action of the drama enable the actors and the audience to personally taste the different dramatic flavors, such as friendship, servitor ship, parental love, conjugal love, amazement, humor, chivalry, compassion, fury, fear and dread.

Functional Area Of An Organisation Information Technology Essay

Functional Area Of An Organisation Information Technology Essay There are a variety of functional areas in a structured business enterprise, depending upon its size and nature of service. Here in the Medication management System can be viewed in a broader manner as hospital is not the only one entity. The manufacturer, vendors, receiving staff, prescribing doctors, pharmacists, nurses and the clients are all involved and thus an integrated system is to be ultimately developed which benefits all users of the system at different levels. The information system does mean not only the software, but also the hardware, users and other related systems. So our objective is to identify all the functional areas of the organization as a whole and to develop a cost-effective and efficient system which would minimize the human drug dispensing errors and reduce the mortality rate in turn. For this we need to have a clear understanding about the different systems at different levels like manufacturer, vendor and hospital. Information needs within functional area of an organisation. Organisations have a number of people working together towards a definite objective, although they work in different functional areas. One output of one functional area can be the input of another area and the accurate timely information is necessary to get an error free result. Organisations completely depend on the information systems and advanced technologies which makes them excel and efficient. Functional areas of organisations are defined according to the type and nature of work that is involved in a department. The main functional areas of each and every organisation are listed below: Human Resource: Human resource management is one of the most important yet often underestimated aspects in the organizational operation. It basically is the operating system of the whole organization that makes sure that it run smoothly, coordination and cooperation takes place regularly and finally makes sure that everyone within the organization is satisfied with the working conditions. Superficially, it is supposed to do day to day tasks like recruitment, training payroll processing etc. but actually the scope for HRM is much more than that. Especially in the highly competitive markets of today, they can play a pivotal role in building a highly performing and competitive firm by nurturing and enhancing the skills of the employees and ensuring cooperation. This is a functional area where various personnel who administer and handle the drug are interviewed and selected. Financial Area: This functional area analyses various financial aspects of the employees and keeps track of the accounts receivable and payables. The financial advisors must plan in advance regarding the future financial objectives of the company. In order to achieve the desire profits. The finance department need to maintain the financial records in order to show these accounts while paying the tax. And another key function of finance department is to calculate the salary and payroll system which is the main function of finance department. Accounts are maintained for different vendors for which internal auditors and accountants are employed. Marketing and Sales: In this competitive world the organisation cannot survive without marketing the products. Organisation is investing a huge amount of money in order to market the products through different channels like television, radio and other medias. So that people came to know about the products and will buy the companys products. Nowadays the competition is really high; the companies are forced to give discounts and other promotional activities like holidays and gifts to push their sales. To conclude with, marketing is also a key part in achieving companys objectives. Production: Production is one of the main functional areas of a business organisation. All the products of a business organisation are developing under this functional area. The staffs under this functional area should enquire all the products should develop at the right time and the products have good quality. The organisation should buy good quality raw materials. These raw materials will be stored near to production area. Nowadays most of the productions are automatically with the help of robots and other machines. The operator need to check only the production line is correct or not. Production is also involves preparing items for despatch. The items should packed cleanly and very attractively. In this stage, the bar code system can be incorporated which should specify its batch number, product code/name, packing, lot number, date of manufacture, chemical combination, type of meds, route of administration, dosage.etc Customer Service: Customer service is the one of the most important functional area of organisation. This includes functions like answering the clients enquiries about the product and services, provide well information about the customers need, solving clients problems, Provide service after sales which include replace, repair etc, dealing with the problems of customer, analysis the problems of customer and store these problems etc. Comparison between the functional areas and information needed for each functional area Functional Area Functions and information needed for functional areas Human Resource The main functions of this functional area are recruitment, training, payroll etc. The information needed for this functional area are the information about the employees, their salary, about new vacancies, about new applications, employees in payroll, attendance, absence and overtime detailsetc. . Financial Area The main functions of Financial area are calculate the salary of employees, checking payrolls, recording money received, produce invoices, checking the payments received and chasing the overdue payments etc. In this functional area should have the information about income of company, expense of the company, salary of each and every staff,times sheet of work, attendance and overtime detailsetc. They also need to have the customers bills details, payment received and bills payable details to the vendors. Marketing and Sales The main functions of this functional area are Market the products through different channels like radio, mail television, producing publicity materials of their products such as catalogues etc., designing and promoting the website of company. This functional area should have the information about new trend of market, in what way the company can get maximum product, which is the good way to publish their product in market, in what way the company can improve their sales etc. Production The main functions of this functional area are buying raw materials, storing the raw materials, planning the production schedule, Checking quality of product throughout the production, packing the items cleanly and beautifully, storing the items very safely. The information needed for this functional area are list of available raw materials, Combination formula, Machinery and manpower availability, Quantity of each product to be manufactured which in turn is reported by the feedback from sales and marketing area, product details like batch number, packingetc. Customer Service The main functions of this functional are answering clients enquiries about products, solve clients problems, dealing with the problems of customer, analysis the problems of customer and store these problems etc. This functional area should have the information about what range of customer they have, the customers are satisfied with their product or not, what are the customers need for a particular product etc. Information needed for medical management system The medical management system is a complex system involving the manufacturer, hospital, and the administrator of medicines. Therefore, a well defined data flow has to be clearly identified. Identification of appropriate data that is involved in each system is a key factor for the success of this system. Several data are needed for the proper functioning of the system. First of all, the details about the following are absolutely necessary. 1) Prescription details 2) Product details 3) Patient details 4) Administering persons details. 5) The medical staff 6) The vendors of medicine INFORMATION SYSTEMS Different types of Information Systems An information system is a combination of hardware, software procedures used to generate information which is used to administer and control the day to day activities of users in an organisation. It consists of five categories. A) Office Information Systems (OIS) B) Transaction Processing System (TPS) C) Management Information System (MIS) D) Decision support system (DSS) E) Expert System (ES) Office Information System (OIS) It is a kind of information system that depends on hardware, software and networks to provide communication solutions and working efficiency among a staffs in an organisation. Office Information System is also known as Office Automation. In this kind of an environment the data processing is done electronically instead of manually hard copying it. For example In an organisation with several branches if a new line is released it can be updated through the OIS over the network. If they dont use OIS they would have to manually process it and post it to its branches. Transaction Processing System (TPS) TPS is a form of information system that records and processes transaction done in an organisation on each day. A transaction can be an order, a payment, reservation or a cancellation. TPS generally uses two type of transaction processing. a) Batch Processing b) Online Transaction Processing In a batch processing all the transactions are collected during the day and its processed as a group or a batch at the end of the day. In online Transaction Processing the transaction is processed as soon as it is entered into the system. In batch processing the invoice cannot be generated then and there. But in OLTP the invoices can be generated then and there. Management Information System (MIS) In an organisation various tasks are performed on a day to day basis which involves invoicing, monitoring track progress, generating sales reports etc. An MIS is a kind of information system that generates accurate daily reports. So the authorities of the organisation can monitor and track the overall performance of the company by making decisions, solving problems and watch the track progress. This process is usually done by a type of MIS known as Management Reporting System. For example in an organisation when a sale is done the product which is being sold is first entered into the system, invoice generated and finally the product being deducted from the inventory. These data helps the managers to take decisions in improving the overall company performance. Decision Support System (DIS) A Decision Support System is used to help the staff in an organisation to take decisions when a complicated situation arises. This system collects data from within the organisation and from external sources such as the internet to help the staff in decision making. This information system needs to store huge volumes of data. These data as store in large databases called data warehouses. The data warehouse stores and manages the data required to help the staff in complicated situation. Expert System (ES) In an expert system the machine (computer) collects information and the knowledge from human beings and helps in the decision making process of the people who have less expertise and experience. They mainly use a technology known as AI (Artificial Intelligence). AI is the process of applying human intelligence to computer systems. An AI computer can sends problems and deliver expert opinion by analysing the users previous experience datas aiding to take a decision and complete the task. Office Information System is used to almost all the areas of an organisation wherever administration needs to be done. Transaction Processing System Financial Area Management Information system- HR Decision support Information system- Customer Service Expert System- RD The current trends in using MMS to solve the problems facing HHS As far as healthcare is concerned patient data is the most crucial and sensitive data. In the current situation the patients data is manually entered into a branch where thy walk. If the patient walks into a different hospital the treatment data is either e- mailed or a hardcopy is carried from the previous branch to the new branch. This procedure has some advantages than the old systems. If the patient carrying is carrying a hardcopy the data will not get destroyed or damaged unless carelessly treated by the customer himself. If the customers diagnostic data is e- mailed to the next branch the data will reach the new branch without any hassle and in seconds. In this case the customer need not carry a physical hardcopy of the files. These techniques will help the HHS introducing incomplete reports, wrong medical history and even patient deaths. INFORMATION PROCESSING TOOLS Various Software Tools Text processors Text processors are specific software, which comes as a part of the big software that is used to process documents, prepare presentation, and manipulate accounts and mange a database. One of the famous text processor software is Microsoft Office. It contains Word for document processing, Excel for processing spread sheets, Access for managing databases and Power point for preparing presentations. In an organisation preparing presentations for meetings, issuing invoices to patients, maintain accounts and managing patients database is crucially important. If Microsoft office can be used in such an organisation all these requirements can be met. Databases In medical environment, patient history is very important for the treatment of the patient. In a medical organisation software such as Microsoft Access can be used to store patient information. But Access cannot be used in a network and does not have much functionality and cannot be customised according to the needs of the organisation. In such a case specifically designed software can be used to manage all these functions. Client Server In a hospital there are different departments and functional areas, each requiring its on computer systems. A patient who is being treated for and ailment will be referred from one department to the other. So the staffs need to carry the reports and the data from every department from where the patient was treated as a hardcopy which is a big headache. In that case implementing client server architecture will be beneficial. In this architecture all the computers in every department will be connected to a centralised server which will store all the patients and database records. So if a patient is referred from one department to the other the next department can access the treatment history through the server. For this purpose the server and the clients need to have customised software. Current Information method used in HHS Currently the HHS uses a network blast infrastructure for data management. If a patient walks in to a hospital the patients ID and the treatment procedure is entered on to a system and then the prescription is given. When the patient walks into a different branch the details of the treatment from the previous branch is e-mailed to the new hospital for references. But as this information are stored and processed by computers errors can happen at any time, such as data lose, virus attacks, missing information, and incomplete reports and so on. The doctor who treated the patient primarily will exactly know what the patient is suffering from and about his vital statistics better than the latter one. As data a critical in a hospital these errors can cost a patient his/her life. In earlier times the information was processed as a hard copy which is given to the patient upon the completion of the treatment. If the patient loses this information his life is again at stake. The current proces sing methods need to be refined so that no patients will die in the future due to overdoses or incomplete report. The most modern method Information is very important and critical in todays world. In hospitals barcode technology is taking over the traditional information processing methods. In barcode technology the patient is given a wrist band upon being admitted in the hospital. The wrist band will have a unique patient ID which is in the form of a barcode. I.e. each patient is given a unique barcode. Software will be used to generate the barcode and will store the treatment data and the details of the staff and the doctor who worked with the patient throughout the treatment. The staff of the concern will also carry identification badges which will have unique IDs. When the patient is being given a medication by the staff it will be recorded into the system who gave the medicine, the type of medicine and the time. For this first off all the staff scans and enters their barcode into the machine then the patients barcode and finally the code on the drug. The doctors prescription will be entered into the system before the medicine is given. If there is a change in the medicine the system will sent out distress alarms to prevent misuse of the drug, thereby saving the patient and the staff http://www.teachmebusiness.co.uk/page29/page16/page18/assets/Functionalareas.pdf

Gothic Architecture :: Architectural Middle Ages Churches Essays

Gothic Architecture The church in the Middle Ages was a place that all people, regardless of class, could belong to. As a source of unity, its influence on art and architecture was great during this time. As society drew away from the feudal system of the Romanesque period, a new spirit of human individualism began to take hold; alas, the birth of Gothic. Here, the Church became a place where humanity became more acceptable, alas becoming the ideal place to visual such new ideals. The beauty and elegance of Gothic architecture is depicted most in the great cathedrals of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries—St. Denis, Notre Dame, Chartres, Salisbury, Durham, Amiens, and more. The experience of looking at one of the great gothic cathedrals is to look up towards God. Indeed, most Gothic structures emphasize the vertical, drawing one’s eyes upwards toward the heavens with the awesomeness of God. These cathedrals were built with towering spires, pointed arches and flying buttresses giving impressi ons of harmony and luminosity. One of the major accomplishments of the 12th and 13th centuries was to develop the engineering mastery of the ribbed vault, pointed arch and flying buttress to create a great cathedral that is at once taller, lighter, wider, and more elegant than the ones before. Even though the pointed arch could support more weight than its predecessors, there was still the problem of finding a way to support the heavy masonry ceiling vaults over wide spans. In order to support the outward thrust of barrel vaults, vertical support walls have to be very thick and heavy. What makes possible the extensive use of ribbed vaulting and pointed arches to â€Å"open† and â€Å"lighten† the walls and space of the cathedral is the flying buttress—â€Å"an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier.† [Jansen, History of Art, p. 407]. The effect is to add structural strength and solidity to the building. The visual appearance of changes from the Early and Later or High Gothic are clear, as each cathedral became increasingly narrower and taller. For instance, compare the nave elevations of Notre-Dame to Amiens [Text, fig. 442, p. 333], the pointed arches of Amiens are significantly taller and narrower than the much earlier Notre Dame. The mastery of the flying buttress allowed medieval builders to construct taller and more elegant looking buildings with more complex ground plans.

Using Technology to Improve Business Communication

Assignment #2 Using Technology to Improve Business Communication Hans Jacobs October 31, 2011 By Inderjot Shokar Horvathova, P. & Davidova, M. (2011). Application of Talent Management with the useof Information and Communications Technology in the Czech Republic and OtherDeveloping, Emerging and Transitions Economies. Retrieved fromhttp://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca In this study, the researchers examined the quality of ICT technology along with talent management being used in organizations in one of the regions in the Czech Republic. Out of a group of 237 respondents (all organizations) selected for a survey, 96. % had said talent management had not been put into practice in their organization. In another survey, 118 of 228 respondents had said they were not familiar with the process. In relation to my topic, this article does stress the importance of using technology to improve business communication, how to use it efficiently, and that it’s most effective along w ith human interaction. However, it does not discuss how to keep technology in perspective, the importance of reconnecting with people frequently, and the flaws and distractions of technology if used inappropriately. Tsai, C. , Wang, C. , & Lu, M. 2011). Using The Technology Acceptance Model To Analyze Ease of Use of A Mobile Communication System. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca This article discusses the use of mobile communications to relay specific bodies of knowledge. It states that if mobile communications is to be used as a communication medium, it should have a simple design that users can implement in their life on a daily basis. Doing so will make people more willing to use the technology and thus improving communication. In an experiment of 230 participants, the results showed that this research had atisfactory reliability and validity. Therefore, this information is relevant to my topic because it discusses improvement through technology of com munication. But keeping technology in perspective, connecting with people frequently, and using communication technologies productively is not discussed. People should have this knowledge to avoid the negative effects from the use of technology. Bubou, G. M. (2011). Platform Technologies and Socio-economic Development: The Case ofInformation and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Nigeria. Retrieved fromhttp://web. bscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca In this case study, the nation of Nigeria is examined to see how far it has developed during the period of 2001-2009 with the use of ICT and how ICT will assist to obtain the strategic vision ‘Vision 20/20/20’ to improve Nigeria’s economy . It is now among the top 10 countries in Africa with the highest telecommunication users. In 2001, the tele-density of Nigeria was a measly 0. 73%. By the end of December 2010, it grew to 63. 11%. Even internet usage has gone up, from 24% in 2007 to 42% in 2009 with over 83 million subscribers.A major milestone that made this possible was the launch of the first African communication satellite (NigComSat1). Over $12 billion of Direct Foreign Investment (DFI) has flowed into the country. At a macroeconomic level, the GDP has increased by 27. 8% from N6. 7 billion in 2004 to N8. 6 billion in 2005. In 2010, it is said this sector will contribute to 1. 62% of GDP, with over 50. 9% growth in contribution to GDP. In comparison to my topic, the improvement through technology for Nigeria is emphasized greatly.However, it has not touched base on the other areas of my topic. Although the growth and development of this country has heavily been impacted by the development and implementation of ICTs, the topic of ICT should be discussed in more detail. All aspects should be covered, including the negative effects. Bonnie, C. How Do Businesses Use Communication Technology to Improve Their Performance? Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com This article discusses ho w communication can be key when it comes to keeping all workers in the loop. As it is mentioned, ‘what’s new’ section on the company website can keep everyone up-to-date with what’s going on with the company. Instant messaging programs can help communicate important information or instructions quickly and efficiently. It can also update coworkers and supervisors of an employee’s status, whether they are in a meeting, at their desk, or out of the office. Email is still a popular method of communication and is ideal when a business has multiple offices in multiple areas. In regards to my topic, productive use of technology for business improvement is demonstrated well in this article.Yet they have not included the downsides of instant messaging. It can prove to be quite distracting. Employees can potentially misuse IM for non-work related discussion, and thus decreasing productivity. As well, it has failed to mention keeping technology in perspective and how important it is to connect with people frequently. Applegate, J. (1999, Nov). Black Enterprise. Retrieved from http://books. google. ca (110-118) In this article, it is discussed how crucial it is to use technology to run a business.Suggestions are made for different types of technologies that any business should have for its’ day to day operations. Included in these suggestions are cellular phones, two-way pagers, multi-function boxes (printer/scanner/fax/copier), internet service providers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, online employee training, voicemail, and creating a website. This article discusses improvement of business through technology but forgets to mention the cons of misuse for technology, keeping technology in perspective, and the importance of connecting with people.You would want to ensure that employees are using their technological tools for work purposes. For interpersonal communication, these tools are great. But you do not want to grow dependent on them. It’s not meant to think and communicate for you. Communicating through a phone all day may be convenient, but it good to stay in touch face-to-face with your workers and contacts. It’s good to know people for who they are, because behind a computer or phone, they are just another voice.

Cafs Notes Groups

Community and Family Studies| Groups in Context | HSC Core Topic| tien [Pick the date] | Identifying groups with specific needs * Identify special characteristics of each group in order to justify why each should be considered a unique entity * Describe people who belong to different groups within society by: * Identifying the needs of the people in these groups * Evaluating the access of these groups in resources GAY AND LESBIANE -Sexual orientation towards same sex -Need more acceptance and support because they feel isolated -Health needs of HIV/AIDS Discriminated against -Socially isolated -Low self esteem -Poor identity and self image NEEDS Access to Services -Health support that promotes sexual protection, physical and mental health: AIDS Council of NSW (ACON) -media that informs about gay-friendly events and services: Sydney Star Observer Gay and Lesbiane Rights Lobby Group is a support group that helps them access resources equitably, fights for their rights and anti-discrimin ation Twenty10: social organisation for them to raise self-esteem and network with others, and cope with societys stereotypical attitudes.Targets the youth. -Need education about sexuality & safe sex. Hard to access this. -Have to educate public about them to reduce homophobia. -Employment: need protection from discrimination, the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 Financial Support: don't become parents so generally have better socio-economic status. Law still recognises them as a couple so they stil get the same certain legal rights financially. Health: -need education about sexual health to avoid getting HIV/AIDS.Fear of underaged gay sex (under 18) limits their access to medical attention, -Problems of substance and alcohol abuse, higher suicide rates, depression due to rejection and discrimination -Need to find safe housing in area without discrimination & harassment. -Need safety and security without gay hate, emotional or physical violence. People's homophobic attitudes damages sel f-esteem and sense of self worth. E. g. religions that promote gay hate. Gays feel rejected from church communities. Need to adjust to their sexual sense of identity. -Can feel isolate because it's different. -Cultural and bias perception of gay culture can make them self-reject or homophobic. Confused, in denial and despair. Understanding from people is important. FACTORS Age: young people might not know resources available. So they get confused, lonely, frustrated. Very scared of rejection, so they keep it a secret and completely limits their access to resources. Young people facing discrimination and bullying at school can complain to the Anti-Discrimination Board, or is facing discrimination from the school they can report to Department of Education and Training -Most disability services only deal with disability, except for the Rainbow Support Group thats gives support to developmental disabled who are gay. Education about their sexuality, support groups, safe sex practuces enh ance the access to services and wellbeing.Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) gives help and info to keep family and friends close to their homosexual people. Ethnic and cultural beliefs limits their access to services if their religion doesn't accept homosexuality, they feel ashamed. Have to hide it. Beit el Hob is a Middle Eastern gay support group. Gender: gay males have more obvious stereotypical characteristics and suffer more discrimination. Limits access to services and makes them need it more, especially medicaly if they get gay-hatred fueled violence.Females are getting more socially accepted, aren't as obvious so get more access to services. Location: services mostly in city, rural gays find it harder. Still able to access over phone/internet. -More scared of inexperienced or homophobic health care professionals, limits access to health services. Also not comfortable comming out to them. Socio-economic status: more financial support so more access to resources and services. AGED -ABS says 65+ -National Senoirs association says 50+ -increased population and expectancy life expectancy: 76 for men and 82 for women -give wisdom and experience to society with employment and raising kids -retire=more leisure time -less income, rely on gov benefits, super and savings -more vulnerable to illness nd disability -most live at home, some need support eg HAAC -get lonely as people die -less mobile and more frail NEEDS: Access to services: -need more family and government support due to decrease health and mobility -need health services that still keep their independence -eg GPs, hospitals, breast scans, public transport Assistance services: Home Care, Catholic Care of the Aged, Home and Community Care, Meals on Wheels, family, community nurses -reluctance to rely on services because they don't want to admit their age/health, lack knowledge, physical problems, high price, think its family's responsiblity. Education: -important to keep up with technolo gy sklls because they weren't raised up with it for communication, information and access to services and goods -e. g. computers and internet -might want to learn new leisure activity -ask a friend/family for assistance meets intellectual needs, increase social and self-esteem wellbeing -may need training at work for technology and skills to maintain their employability Employment: -most are retired or part time working only due to health/choice -so they lose job satisfaction, money, social contacts, routin and responsibility -changes self esteem and sense of identity because they have smaller role in society -new technology makes it harder for them to get a job -a lot do volunteer work or child minding Health: -more risk of bad health and medical issues -need affordable and accessible health care and medication spend more on medical, so higher socio-economic status = better health -decrease bone density and muslce mass, prone to falls, heart disease and cancer, chronic illness can lead to impairment eg asthma/athriritis, diabetes, vision and hearing impairment , depression, dementia -hard to complete daily tasks -often need nursing home care Housing: -most (90%) stay at home -may need rearrangements at home & $$ for this -assistance such as HAAC is a home service that does things like add handrails in toilets, add building ramps federal funding, respite care, delivered meals, home nursing, home maintenance, Meals on Wheels -might need a carer if they can't afford full time help they can live with relatives, grannly flat, smaller house, retirement village, nursing home -informal support is decline because more women go to work instead of staying at home, increased divorced rate, children move far from home -retirement homes provide socialisation through leisure eg swimming pool and stimulation -nursing homes provide meals, ersonal and miedcal if there really disabled/frail -respite care for family members Security & Safety: -emotional needs, need to keep in to uch with friends & family -physical: adequate housing and good health can due vulnerable because their frail and lonely, esp. in public. Often targets of thefts, assaults, scams -get isolated as their friends die and family move away Self-esteem -need to be healthy, working, independent to maintain high self-esteem. have to feel useful through involvement in voluntary work,hobby, part time work, socialising -Dependent, retired, health problems = low self-esteem Sense of identity -dead spouse, living alone, not close to family, friends = no sense of belonging Financial Support superannuation is compulsory since july 1992 -wage if still working -centrelink benefits: Age Pension/Newstart Allowance for mature people (50+), Pharmaceutical Allowanc, -Pensioner Concession Card, Health Care Card, commonweath senoirs health card (cheaper doctors, speialists, chemists), Rent Assistance FACTORS Age: -determines their superannuation, pensions and drivers license test -changes peoples attitudes, eg harder for older people to find employment if employee thinks they won't stay for longDisability: -increases with age, eg arthritis -some can get the Disability Support Pension/Mobility Parking Scheme -can get community transport Education: -if they learn how to use technology it increases their access to more goods, sserivces and information -eg Federal Government's senoirs website gives supportive resources -to get info on new driving regulations eg roundabout rules to pass driving test and keep their license -about health issues Gender: women better at maintaing friendships -men get lonelier when their partner dies -women have longer life expectancy, more aged women Location: -have more access to health, education, government departments in urban area then rural -rural aged have closer family ties Socio-economic status -big impact on wellbeing -high status=private health insurance, money for entertainment and travel -low status=can't afford car, public hospital waiting list f or non-elective surgery Homeless People â€Å"without a conventional home & who lack most of the economic & social supports that a home normally affords† * Legal definition: inadequate access to safe and secure housing * Stopped getting support from family/friends, so don’t feel belonging with people or community * Might have financial debt, not enough money for housing, drug or alcohol problems, no jobs or place in society, socially isolated, domestic violence is the biggest cause of their homelessness esp. or women, family breakdown for young people * Physical, mental and health and wellbeing problems Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES: * Can’t access the services available if they can’t read (eg centrelink); they need help finding and accessing services * it’s already too full or the service doesn’t have enough resources to meet demands, eg Wedley Mission * Biggest need is crisis accommodation * Government gives: Supported Accommodation Assistance program: gov gives money to agencies for refuges and shelters * National Homelessness Strategy: prevents and supports homeless people * St Vincent de Paul: biggest charity organisation, runs Matthew Talbot Hostel for homeless men EDUCATION * They need it to know about services they can access, and to confidently access them * Need education that fosters independence and self-esteem * Usually low self-esteem, lack of resources, no sense of belonging, poor utrition= bad concentration, lack of economic resources; makes it hard to get education * Need to learn how manage resources, decision-making and problem solving * Student welfare services: targets youth at school in need to prevent homelessness * Homeless might be educated but are homeless because of things they can’t control, eg family/money * Job Placement, Employment & Training programs helps youth with education and work EMPLOYMENT * Unemployment causes homelessness * Most use Supported Accommodation Assistance program * Why they can’t find employment: Low self esteem * Poor health * Lack of social support * Poor education * Lack of suitable skills and knowledge * Might have very low paying jobs * They need equitable access to training for skills * Community organisations need more money to train them * Young homeless people need education, employment training and transport close t to their homes * Government should offer subsidies to employers so they hire homeless people * They need a case manager if they are employed to make sure they stay employed FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Needed for basic needs; food, clothing, shelter Centrelink Community Officers go around to help homeless apply for Centrelink benefits eg Youth Allowance, aged, Disability, Unemployment Benefits * Can’t get centrelink if they don’t have a fixed address * Welfare organisations funded by Emergency Relief Programs: * – Smith Family * St Vincent de Paul * Salvos * Lifeline * Drug & alcohol addicts spent thei r money of their addictions; refuse help because their running away from their bad past and don’t want to be found HEALTH * High health needs because they have more problems Mental disorders; malnutrition; drug/alcohol abuse; sexual health problems- both consequence and result * Gets heaps of health problems: frostbite, leg ulcers, depression, self-hatred, self-harm * Women are more vulnerable to violence and sexual assault * STDs etc if do sex work for survival * Neglected need under food, housing, work * Only get help when in crisis * Need health care that is free, flexible, holistic, non-discriminating, bulk bills, walk-in appointments * Need counselling to deal with their emotional trauma Need mental health services to be improved, more accessible, less waiting time; need access to drug and alcohol rehab services, more rural healthcare HOUSING * Don’t have enough money to live in a safe environment * Department of Public Housing-Homelessness Action Team * Need emer gency crisis accommodation * Supported Accommodation Assistance program * Commonwealth or State Housing Agreement * Rental Assistance; and help through Mission Australia * Housing has be available, adequate, appropriate, emergency and short-term, and permanent too.Has to meet their needs; works with education, employment, health services SECURITY & SAFETY * There not safe on the streets, alleyways, parks, etc * Temporary accommodation so they have no sense of belonging or security * Commonwealth Department of Family & Community Services- Reconnect Program: helps young homeless people reconcile with family, improve education and skills * Partnerships Against Domestic Violence Strategy gives money to stop domestic violence to there’s less people living in abusive environments, which is a major cause of homelessness SELF-ESTEEM They have low self-esteem from family breakdown, abuse, assault, lack of education, mental illness, poverty * Poor view of future * Seem aggressive or ho stile because of their bad experiences and lack of communication skills * Need to feel belonging to the community SENSE OF IDENTITY * Their low self-esteem, unemployment, low/no income, homeless stigma poor sense of identity * Don’t have a proper home so no strong identity * Can’t get Centrelink Access to resources AGE * Some people are too young to access services; eg some only accept people 12+ * Centrelink payments can be age based Affects what they know and experienced; eg old person knows support services but doesn’t access it because of past bad experiences * Most homeless youth have mental illness so don’t access resources, and there’s a lot so less resources DISABILITY * Disabled people can get Disability pensions * Not mobile; so can’t physically access resources * Harder to communicate and access resources * But it depends on the type of disability and how much it affects them EDUCATION * Education helps to find and access resource s Poor literacy skills = can’t access resources eg Centrelink * Can get referred to resources through school if their young * Education increases employment so less likely they’ll be homeless ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Language barrier * Need support staff that speaks other languages or are culturally sensitive * A lot of non-English speaking and Indigenous homeless people GENDER * Gender specific services; Matthew Talbot House, Catherine McAuley House, women’s refuges * Females look for help more, but more likely to have hildren so need more * Women tend to escape domestic violence * Men have more jobs available so easier to access to financial resources LOCATION * Urban areas have more resources than rural * They move place to place; No permanent address = no centrelink SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * They have little or no money * No money = hard to get resources * Don’t get centrelink if they don’t have a fixed address * Poor people tend to live in areas wher e it’s hard to find a job Rural Families * Live far from suburbs and capital cities * Agricultural industry Small close knit communities * Not as much contact with others * Supportive families * Low population density NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Hard to get services at rural towns so they have to travel to bigger towns * Internet is important in getting services such as banking, but they have to know how to use technology * Centrelink assistance through rural call centres, theres rural officers so they don’t have to go all the way to the office * Have to travel far for medical facilities, sporting venues, shopping centres * Cost more money and time, reorganise scedules Expensive rural services because of the delivery * Disabled or ill people have harder access to facilities and support networks * Different ethnic backgrounds have less support networks, eg worship or help with literacy * Young people = less casual work if their at school, so less financial independence a nd resources * Old people = have work skills but increased mobility means harder to travel to access resources EDUCATION Usually have one big school for K-12 or one small public school, limited subject choice and teachers have to teach more * Rural students might need educational resources from far schools or school of the air, boarding school * Ned access to computer and facsimile technology long distant or school of the air, financial resources needed for boarding school * Assistance for Isolated Children scheme designed by Department of Education * Training and Youth Affairs program from Centrelink = helps students who can’t go to government school everyday cause it’s too far; gives allowance without a mans test * Boarding Allowance but have to pass the Parental Income test EMPLOYMENT Limited to work on farms and properties, or trade in the town, seasonal work like fruit picking but no security * Females have less career choice but can still do farming property * Mo st youth have to leave rural rown for further education FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Rural towns are dominated by one industry, so there’s no predictable income, and there can be rapid financial downturns; eg if the harvest doesn’t do well that year then there’s payments from Centrelink eg Flood Assistance Package * Rural people can get: * Remote Area Allowance * Crisis Payment * Diaster Relief Payment * Exceptional Circumstances Relief Payment HEALTH * Severe doctor shortage * Neglected because there’s only a few specialist facilities, ill or disabled have to travel far for health services * Less support networks for disabled or chronically ill Less bulk billing so it’s harder for socio-economically disadvantaged to get medical attention * Government scheme to encourage young doctors to move out of urban areas into rural areas, rural doctors get full Medicare Rebate which means the patient gets more rebate, so more doctors can bulk bill HOUSING * Lower cos t of living but spend more on travel * Can feel isolated at home * Need resources like communication, entertainment eg computer, internet, mobile phones, cable pay television SECURITY AND SAFETY * More physical security because of close knit community * Feel threatened from travellers * Financially insecure cause stress and worry if in debt * Need financial assistance and emotional assistance, counselling and informal support SELF-ESTEEM Feel helpless if there’s natural disasters impacting their work and income * Can feel like a failure if there work fails * Can rely on family, friends, banks, government = low self-esteem and self worth * Need emotional support and new work so they don’t give up and can still provide for family * The Farm Help – Supporting Families Through Change program gives them access to payments, financial counselling, grants; lets farmers meet their physical needs for family and emotionally by increasing self-esteem and security SENSE OF I DENTITY * Farmers used to be well off but now the weathers unpredictable and commodity prices are lower, their future can be uncertain * Rural areas are seen as for farming and mining Tourism creates a new sense of identity for these areas Factors affecting access to resources for rural families AGE * Not a barrier for farming & work, young and old can do it * Teenagers have limited access to social or sporting commitments, special resources, but most leave after high school so the average age of farmer is increasing * so older farmers have less mobility making it harder to maintain their farm DISABILITY * disabled people have extra limits to resources eg support groups, services, recreation, shopping * hard to transport; no community bus * hard to fix equipment, get new supplies * almost no respite care facilities in rural areas, limited community houses and shelters workshops EDUCATION Very limited, eg only teaches up to year 10 so parents have the send children off to boarding sc hool * Boarding School Allowance from Centrelink helps * Open Training and Education Network (OTEN) courses through Distant Education * There’s a lot technology; video conferencing, online courses that had subjects that their school might not * Tertiary education students usually have to leave home * If they stay and work on a property they have to educated in things like retail hospitality, health ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic people have difficulty fitting in because of their language and finding information support, hard to find their food as well GENDER * Gender impacts what jobs they have Country Women’s Association looks after welfare of women and their family, in both country and city by lobbying to gov, fundraise and teach life skills * Traditional role is men are farmers and women look after children, but it’s chaning and there’s more jobs for women LOCATION * Biggest factor, limits their access to special services in health and education * So they have to travel more for school, recreational supports SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * High = more opportunities in education, mobility, lifestyle (can afford books, travel, entertainment) * Low = rely on government, less health advantages Disabled * Restricted or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within range considered normal for a human being * Eg difficulty in sight, speaking, hearing, moving, etc * Different types and extents of disability * Physical/intellectual disadvantage * Need a carer for help with everyday activitiesTYPES OF DISABILTIES IS PIPS: PHYSICAL INTELLECTUAL PYSCHOLOGICAL SENSORY (HEARING/VISUALLY IMPAIRED) NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * A lot of services that they don’t access because * Don’t know about the services or know that they have a disability * Can’t get to it because of disability * It’s not free * Judgement that their intellectually disabled as well; community ignorance * Government, community organisations have t o work together: * NSW Down’s Syndrome Association * Royal Blind Society * Deaf Society of NSW * The House With No Steps * Life Without Barriers * The Spastic Centre * Disability Information Service * People with Disabilities NSW Life Activities and Mission Australia: helps them live independently in the community, effective communication, planning, goal settling, how to do day-to-day activities * National Council for Sport and Recreation for the Disabled: helps them interact and participate in recreation and leisure activities * Government’s Disability Policy Framework: makes sure disabled people can still access services for normal people * Illegal to discriminate against disabled people * Schools can have language interpreter for hearing-impaired student EMPLOYMENT * Government made the Commonwealth Disability Services Act 1986 so more disabled people can work especially in labour. Achieves it through job search, job placement, individual job training and support, d isability employment services * Post School Options program is from NSW government forces disabled people to have the same job opportunities as a normal person if they are both able to do it, eg pick up a phone * Need the employers o know that their not fully disabled, and gov offer subsidies and support for their education and training * Disabled people might need changes in work premises, equipment, schedules and training but can still do a good job FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Can support themselves through work * Others need extra support or full support from someone else or agency * Centrelink gives it for disabled and carer of disabled, Disability Support Pension for people with physical intellectual, psychiatric impairment so they can’t work * Carer Payments * Still need their independence, so it helps them with their medical expenses, special equipment and changes to be independent HEALTH * Disability usually comes from disease, disorder or injury * health needs depends on the ir disability some have to be in hospital, nursing homes, etc for to be cared for * household disabled need help moving around from friends, family, partner * carer gets strained HOUSING * have the change their house * Department of Housing builds or refurbishes home so they can live there * Home and Community Care gives home nursing, delivered meals, home help, transport, shopping, paramedical services, advice and assistance * Illegal for real estate to discriminate; eg guard dog must be allowed for the blind SECURITY AND SAFETY * Financial assistance = they can meet their basic needs * Emotional support from informal support * Have to feel belonging to community and safe; so there’s disabled car parks, ramps at shops, disabled seats on transport SELF-ESTEEM Feel different; so low self-esteem * Need love, care and encouragement * Need a positive attitude SENSE OF IDENTITY * Some always need care so no sense of id. * Others are independent and have their own identity * Disabl ed kids shouldn’t get pities and over protective FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR THE DISABLED AGE * Age makes the disability worse * Age is carer; too old to work DISABLITY * Formal resources helps eg Disability Support Pension, Mobility Parking Scheme sticker, Mobility Allowance = lets disabled use taxis to work or to training programs * Learning support at schools and special schools for very disabled * Special Olympics of Paralympics Crossways: spiritual support EDUCATION * Education helps their disability to manage it * Intellectually disabled can use internet and mobile phone to get access to information, enhance communication especially if they don’t leave the house * Important to learn about their health issues and what support groups are out there for them * Disabled youth get more assistance at school and in tafe with special teachers/classrooms ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Limits their access to formal services eg health resources and also friendships * Hand ital NSW is a community facility for people from ethnic background, disabled Italians and there carers through programs GENDER Disabled men more likely from motor vehicle or occupational inkury * Disabled women less education, earn less money, more likely to be institutionalised and vulnerable to violence LOCATION * Urban areas have more access to resources and the rural disabled have to travel more for it, eg health, education, support groups, government departments SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS * Less money because they rely on government, limits access to private health insurance, leisure activities, and have to be on long waiting lists for equipment eg motorised wheelchairs * More money = can buy more specialised equipment Youth * Age between childhood and adulthood * 15-24 years Usually studying so dependent on parents * Puberty, body changes * Getting their independence and learning about life NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Voluntary organisations give emergency help, basic needs and advi ce * The smith family * Mission Australia * St Vincent de paul * Lifeline gives crisis help, and counselling * Centrelink, HSC advice line, school and employment counsellors: employment training and counselling * Centrelink payments; Austudy, Newstart, Youth Allowance * Gym for physical wellbeing * Community organisations: * Sydney City Mission * Centrecare * Doctors * Community Centres * Community Transport * Educational Support Teams * Housing services Assistant employment opportunities EDUCATION * Lack of money or family support makes it hard to complete and access further education * Youth Allowance is there income while they study, look for work, training course, sick * Education is free and they have counsellors, social workers, career advisers for young people’s needs EMPLOYMENT * They can work full time, part time, casual so they have more responsibility especially to find a job/future career * Community resources help them find jobs eg Job Networks, Training Courses, Apprenticeship programs eg Green Corp * Informal eg charity, family, peers, teachers, coaches FINANCIAL SUPPORT Most are supported by family, so their parents income and social location impacts how much help they get from their parents and for how long, but higher earners won’t get centrelink * lower earners get family allowance, rent assistance, away from home rate eg * 20-24 are more independent, their job income lets them meet their needs, more are living with parents so saving money for travel, car, clothes, etc * Youth have to learn to manage money, get a good credit rating, save for a house deposit HEALTH * Have good health but vulnerable to asthma, sexual issues, unwanted pregnancies, risk behaviour; drugs and speed, mental/emotional problems; depression * Increasing rate of suicide especially for males HOUSING * Provided by family but problems at home e. g. family conflict, violence, health issues, poverty, desire for independence = they move out * They work and can pay for rent Others struggle and rely on department of housing, mission Australia or centrelink * Older youth need privacy and independence at home; some can live in the granny flat for les conflict over noise, friends over, personal space SECURITY AND SAFETY * Find it in family and peer group * Need a positive family environment and have enough resources for emotional and physical needs * Good peer group that doesn’t make them involved in drug abuse, binge drinking, safe sex, violent behaviour, gangs SELF-ESTEEM * They have to feel good about themselves, family is important * Parents should praise and encourage for them to succeed * Low self-esteem and depression from unemployment, poor self-image, peer pressure, relationship problems * Family has to give support and encourage if low self-esteem SENSE OF IDENTITY Move away from parents influence and into peer approval and acceptance * Grow personal and sexual identity and need a supportive and trusting environment for it * S ociety wants them to be responsible but sometimes don’t get the chance to prove it, eg can’t work until 14 yr 9 months, Factors affecting access to resources for the youth AGE * Government policies and regulations based on age; Abstudy for 14, Youth Allowance for 14-24, get their L’s at 16, P’s at 17 * Legal Aid hotline for people -18 * Impacts how they can access resources and services; eg access to school, gap-year programs, youth groups, etc * Barrier if they can’t vote or sign contract, go to nightclubs, buy alcohol * Not as much life experience = limits decision making ability DISABILITY Disabled that goes to mainstream schools can get special provisions for exams, or go to special school * Disabled youth can get Mobility Allowance if they can’t use public transport at 16 * TAFE has special courses too EDUCATION * Needed for further education and training eg university, so they can get higher-paid employment with more career opportuniti es to meet housing and self esteem needs also ETHNICITY/CULTURE * They have to learn English through intensive language course before school, a lot of private colleges teaches students English for their school * Ethnic people can study their language as a subjects and do well in it * Language and cultural barriers can make it harder to make friends at school GENDER Not as much of an impact as before; but still might be harder for some employments or promotion, eg easier for men to succeed in professional sport and get paid more LOCATION * Rural youth don’t get as much access to education, employment opportunities, recreational activities, health services, public transport * Negatively impacts how they can meed needs for education, health, employment, housing, financial support * Internet and technology breaks down the location barrier * Urban youth have more access to services and resources * Rural youth have more community support informally; friends, family, neighbours SOCI O-ECONOMIC STATUS Youth with more can afford more expensive recreational choices, private schooling, private health care * Lower socioeconomic status face limits with education and training but can’t work full time Sole Parent * One parent living with 1+ children * Due to divorce, separation, death, illness, desertion, child out of marriage * More at risk of poverty * Increasing due to increasing divorce NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Have more services but don’t access it * Public transport, the Jobs, Education and Training program, Parenting Payment, Family Allowance, Child Support Agency, childcare, DOCs * Ethnic sole parents aren’t as accepted in their community, especially unmarried women having kids EDUCATION * Going to school is time and money consuming Single parents could of interrupted their high school or uni education, hard to go back with a child, would need child care and financial help if they do * Workers might take time off for full time parenting, need qualification and update their experience, get training and education for a good job * Sole parents can still work full time and get their Centrelink payments * Parenting Payment can use the Jobs, Education and Training program for educational needs * Sydney western schoos have intensive programs that makes school more flexible for students to finish hsc EMPLOYMENT * Might spend more money with healthcare, travel, clothing than they get at work, get less rental assistance and rebate if they work, plus less time parenting so a lot don’t work * They don’t need to work until youngest child is 16 Need flexible work; with hours for them, family leave, eg * Employment lets them socialise with other adults FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Some need community and government support; government needs to give them more money * The Parenting Payment (Single) for single parents; depends on your income and allowance assets * Health Care Card * Parent who look s after child can get Child Su pport HEALTH * Medicare because private health care is expensive * Emotional health because they broke up with partner * Need advice and support; counselling services eg Lifeline, St Vincent de paul society, kids helpline * DOCs for family in crisis * Children can go into foster care while parents work out how to manage situation HOUSING Most rent, some get rental assistance; long waiting list for public housing * Public housing people get accessed every few years so they don’t have security * Have to find affordable housing if they can’t get public housing * Moving between homes of both parents can disrupt their education and daily lives SECURITY AND SAFETY * Women might not feel physically safe so get alarm system, live closesr to family and friends, feel threatened by ex partner, get an VO * Suffer loss, grief, shock * Parents Without Partners, Lone Fathers Association, Supporting Mothers Groups, Relationships Australia * Same needs as normal families but less flexi ble Might not feel like a good parent = low self-esteem * Person who got dumped feels rejected, the other feels bad, child can feel like it’s their fault; need to discuss issues and get counselling * Less time so less socialisation = low self-esteem SENSE OF IDENTITY * Isolated, feel different, lost friendship from partner, better for child if they have both parents still sharing responsibilities * Community shouldn’t just all as broke Factor affecting access to resources for sole parents AGE * Age impacts; eg 15 y/o won’t have the knowledge or about community organisations (or can’t drive to it) such as * Toy libraries * Community support eg Early Childhood Clinic Parents Without Partners; social groups for parents to get together and talk * Child Support Agency; helps parent get parent from the other parent that doesn’t live with them * Lone Fathers Association; support and socialising for single dads * Child Care Centres; parent support and soci alising for children * Agencies eg St Vincent de Pauls Societ, Smith Family, Burns Side (for kids), Red Cross, Salvation Army; all offer financial, emotional, physical support for families * There’s local support groups for teenage parents with these difficulties DISABILITY * Harder if child or parent has disability * 16+ disabled child can get Disability Support Pension They can get Mobility Parking Scheme; easier access for shops/medical appointments * Child can access young carer networks to deal with emotional strain if the parent has disability EDUCATION * Education = employment & money; higher wages * Use internet for access to educational programs * Might not get education if they have to look after child, or don’t have enough money because they spend it on childcare; Childcare rebate helps * Jobs, Education and Training (JET) = useful to find work, study ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic families and friends might not support single parenthood; so the parent doesnâ₠¬â„¢t get as much informal support * Language and cultural barriers limits access to community groups GENDER * Most are women so there’s more support out there for women then men LOCATION Urban parents have more community resources; childcare, schools, employments, adult education, support groups * Rural sole parents have more community support; family and friends SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * High socioeconomic status; own a home, private health insurance and education for children * Low socioeconomic status; disadvantaged area, less recreational activities to save money, less informal support services Families in Crisis * Suffers from some kind of trauma; physical, social, emotional, financial * Trauma disturbs their daily life * More demands than resources * Due to natural disaster, death of family members, family breakdown, domestic violenc, alcohol/drug/gambling problems, retrenchment (broke) Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES Informal; family and friends * Centrelink payments; if parent dies there’s bereavement paysments, also for widow allowance. If divorced; family tax benefit, parenting payment, child-care benefit, maternity allowance. A lot for natural disaster. * Crisis from domestic violence; domestic violence line for support. Counselling service for women, also works with women refuges. Domestic volence advocacy serive for fre support and legal advice, solicitors. * Family protection and family crisis services; Relationships Australia gives counselling and assistance. DOCs: child protection and family crisis service if child gets abused or is in danger, also helps families adapt to ocial/economic changes by giving financial support, affordable housing, clothing, emotional support * HOUSING ASSISTANCE ACT 1996: gives funding to people to meet needs if they can’t do it themselves, family can get money to access resources * Addiction problems: Alcoholic Anonymous, self-support for alcoholics that help each other and give hope * Smith Family, vin nies, Mission Australia, Centcare gives welfare support and counselling * A lot don’t use these because they don’t know or have too much pride, informal support is important to direct them there. * But these resources don’t meet the demands EDUCATION * Important that crisis families doesn’t disrupt children’s education * Their only normal aspect of life, focus on study can shift focus from problems * If crisis is from something emotional eg parent divorce, drug/gambling problem than child might have concentration problems. Principle should be notified so teachers are nicer and don’t give them hard time at school. * School counsellor helps * Teachers/tutor can give extra help if they fall behind the school work EMPLOYMENT some still work, take leave or resign; depends on crisis or can get leave or holiday if work lets for time to deal with crisis and come back after crisis gets better * eg bushfire burns home; take 6 weeks leave and get finan cial help * government helps if it’s really bad and they can’t work or get help from employment assistance program * personal support programs helps people find work by helping them get over what’s stopping them from working, give them access to drug or alcohol rehabilitation programs and counselling; free program FINANCIAL SUPPORT * unexpected and sudden crisis means they’re not financially prepared * might need money if their broke or family member dies Centrelink gives Special Benefit payment for people broke due to reasons out of their control, DOCs considers their reasons and says if payment is granted or not * Diaster Relief Payment; short term help for victims of disaster, only if their house or source of income got damaged due to disaster * Exceptional Circumstances Relief Payments; for famers in affected areas that are struggling HEALTH * Stress from crisis is bad for long term health * Chronic stress leads to heart disease, cancer, alcoholism, h igh blood pressure, ulcers, metnal illness * Physical/emotional health problems from crisis of abuse or addiction; adult should remove themselves or remove the perpetrator HOUSING * Basic need might be at risk/jeopardy due to crisis e. g. : * Have to move out due to domestic violence * Lose home due to fire/earthquake * Can’t afford rent due to retrenchment They all need alternative housing or accommodation * The Supported Accommodation Assistance programs give money to community services that help people in crisis who need accommodation (both long term and emergency) and help them get back to independency and get their own home * Community services eg refuges, shelters, halfway houses * Charity organisations give money for housing needs or accommodation SECURITY AND SAFETY * Crisis threatens this important physical and emotional need * Eg violent homes harm physical need; child with domestic violence need help; alwas ill, low self-esteem, nightmares, disruptive at school, th ink it’s their fault.Need counselling and move family to somewhere safe * Death; family can feel fear, anger, guilty, anxiety, stress; might need professional help * Parent divorce; insecurity because family structure changed, children need help from parents that family changed but there’s still love, don’t make child choose between parents and keep child’s normal routines and discipline SELF-ESTEEM * Disturbed emotional well-being if family lost their home, life savings, family member * Might blame themselves or another family member; gives guilt that reduces their self-esteem * Crisis might make them lose independence, security, sense of belonging; family need each other and need to feel like they still have a good future and get it all back (independence etc) * Bad family members (eg addicts) still need love, professional help, informal support, feel worthwhile and confident to get new job, move on with life etc SENSE OF IDENTITY Family unit might brea k down and those who leave lack identity * Some family gets closer and stronger sense of identity * The quicker they overcome it, the less impact it has Factors affecting access to resources for families in crisis AGE * Age impacts ability; eg young people who can’t be independent if parents die, can’t drive or sign contract for loan * Old people can’t deal with crisis without help DISABILITY * Crisis resulting in disability changes family; they’ll need help/carer * Type of disability determines impact of education/employment EDUCATION * Need to know the government and community support available ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Might need help from translator; at major hospitals * Language/cultural barrier; less informal support Racism; Sudanese family can’t get a house to rent due to racist landlord GENDER * Women get help more and have better social support from family/friends LOCATION * Urban families; more access to major hospitals, support groups, employm ent opportunities * RURAL; community support SOCIOEONOMIC STATUS * Impacts wellbeing * HIGH; private health insurance and hospitals instead of waiting list, holiday house if theres burns down but can’t get government support due to high assets Socioeconomically disadvantaged * Lack sufficient income for basic needs (health services, food, housing, clothing) that the rest of society can afford * Hard to maintain adequate standard of living * Unemployed, rely on social security Poor due to disability, illness, living in remote area so can’t work and earn good income * Aged, sole parents, migrants, aborigines = at risk of being disadvantaged * Hard to break out of poverty cycle (poor parents raise kids to be poor; in environment that doesn’t foster education, or leave school for work, and get a low status/paying job, marry same social class) Needs ACCESS TO SERVICES * Can’t afford expensive things like private health insurance, specialist doctor care; social activities like holidays, eating out, entertainment; cars so rely on public transport; own home or home so need low cost housing, maybe even telephone * Rely on: * Department of Housing * Centrelink * Charity groups (Vinnies, Mission Australia, Smith Family) * Government’s welfare sysyem EDUCATION Most leave school early due to money; part time work, tire at school/can’t keep with work because basic needs aren’t met poor results, difficulty learning, home isn’t the learning environment * High priority because it gives them job with high income, so gov tries to keep them in school with Austudy payment (full time 25+ students), Youth Allowance for 16-24 y/o studying and independent 15y/o. EMPLOYMENT * Unemployed because no education, skills * Unemployed people poorer than those dependent on centrelinK * Usually long term unemployment * Need help to find jobs so government tries using an early intervention strategy; Persoanl Support program, Job Network pro grams, Literacy and Numeracy programs for people at risk of long term dependence * Centrelink has career counselling FINANCIAL SUPPORT Centrelink often not enough to meet rising cost of living * Youth Allowance; 21 and under & unemployed } * Newstart Allowance: 21+ & unemployed } enough money to find a job * Mature Age Allowance: 60+ & unemployed, but too young for Age Pension * Only have just enough money for needs, can’t save, need help from charity organisations, family, friends * Need help claiming benefits if they can’t read/write * Credit victims because they take loans on credit cards to buy things they don’t ed and end up in debt; buy things due to advertising/marketing persuading them that society needs it to improve standard of living HEALTH * Poor health, more illnesses * Not a top priority under everything else Medicare Levy provides essential medical services but not all, can’t afford private health insurance so end up on long waiting list at oublic hospital * Health Care Card if on centrelink = cheaper medicine * Health, household, educational, recreational, transport concessions from government HOUSING * Rent assistant and public housing * If they rent or buy a home and spend most of the money on that and only have enough for basic needs, wellbeing is damaged SECURITY AND SAFETY * Physically & financially unsafe and insecure * No income security * Poorly protected homes, insecure because they can’t stay there if they can’t afford rent/bills SELF-ESTEEM Poor people can feel undervalues, less dignity and chances to show their true potential, don’t get the same things as society gets = low self-esteem, depressed & nervous about financial stress, can’t provide for family = low self-esteem * Need to feel worthwhile members of society, and long-term help, charities help with physical, basic and also emotional needs in increase self worth and give positive state of mind SENSE OF IDENTITY * Poor, u nemployed, bad home; question sense of identity * Society looks down on them so they feel like failures that aren’t accepted. Strategies to overcome sense of failure needed, eg quit what’s making them poor like gambing, drug problems, leave and use family/community support increase self worth, government department & community resources give direction and sense of hope Factors that affect access to resources for socioeconomically disadvantaged people AGE Age impacts centrelink payments that are age based and knowledge about accessing those payments & other support services DISABILITY * Disability limits education and hence high earning jobs EDUCATION * Youth Allowance helps them finish their studies * Private schools offer scholarships * Children leave school early for work and income ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Ethnic people know less about community resources to help their health, financial, employment, educational needs * Language and cultural barrier limits informal suppor t GENDER * Women get less further education and employment due to gender role; eg sole parents, chronically ill, cultural groups LOCATION Urban have less access to resources like welfare groups, employment support, public transport, hospitals * Rural community have more informal support SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Status causes disadvantages, overcome by youth allowance, rental assistance, health cares, free literacy and numeracy courses Chronically ill * Ill for an extended period of time, because it’s continuous or reoccurring * Can get more serious and fatal * Can impact physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, spiritually * Eg asthma, arthritis, diabetes mental illness, hypertension, emphysema, hay fever, back and neck problems, irritable bowel syndrome NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Rely on health professionals (doctors, surgeons, etc) Some can’t afford it, rely on public health system but there’s long waiting period and lists * Might not get coverage stra ight away of even be eligible for it if they were already ill * Can use home health care, respite care centrelinks EDUCATION * Same right to education as everyone else, but might have more absences * Special provisions at school, uni, tafe * School at some children’s hospitals; work sent to them * Education satisfied intellectual well-being, takes focus away from illness * Education about their illness makes them understand it more and control it, eg asthma avoids pollen EMPLOYMENT * Most work give sick leave with full pay, partial pay or no pay * Some can work from home * Might lose job if they over use their sick days * Hard to get another job with high absenteeism Some don’t interfere with job cause they can be controlled, eg diabetes * Worksafe Australia makes safety standards to prevent injury and disease * Legally protected (SW Workers Compensation Act 1987) gives workers compensation if there ill from work FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Chronic illness needs costly ongoing medical treatment, Have to change home and hard to keep job financial burden * Temporary sickness allowance for employed and sick people, need medical certificate * Centrelink: mobility allowance for people whose sickness prevents them using public transport * Government gives Medicare and Health Care Card to reduce financial burden HEALTH * Bad health might reduce their quality of life * Daily health affected by medication or treatments eg chemotherapy * Prevented or improved by control of diet and lifestyle choices HOUSING Financial burden might lower their housing standards; have to live in a poor area, struggle * House might need help for the ill eg ramps, handrails to meet there needs * Need there own room especially for extra sleep SECURITY AND SAFETY * Have to feel secure and safe in whatever environment; home or hospital * Positive and supportive environment if they feel depressed * Good communication with carer so they work together to reach common goal of better health * Need more love and support for their insecurity and powerlessness * Might change lifestyle for better health, eg diet and house changes eg handrails both to improve safety SELF ESTEEM Might get physical changes eg weight gain or loss, skin problems; negatively change their body image and wellbeing, lose independence low self esteem. So they should be treated like their capable, important members of society so they don’t feel useless and lonely SENSE OF IDENTITY * Depends on illness if it stops work, sport, social family life so they lose sense of identity * Can still manage illness and live life to the max FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR CHRONICALLY ILL AGE * Chronic illness more likely as you get older DISABLITY * Chronic illness can be with or made worse with disability like arthritis * They can get Disability Support Pension or Mobility Parking Scheme * Can use patient transport operated from ambulance service or get taxi allowance EDUCATION Need to know about th eir illness; its treatment and medication, support groups, new research and treatment, through internet; but can get wrong diagnosis * Internet increases access to social support, good if they don’t leave the house ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Language and culture can be barrier to understanding info and getting treatment, so harder to get health resources in community of centrelink benefits GENDER * Women more confident in getting services like doctors/counselling LOCATION * Rural have less access to health resources;major hospitals, support groups SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Impacts access to treatment and services * HIGH; private health insurance and hospitals, can get surgery overseas instead of being on waiting list Cultural groups; e. g. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Culture impacts lifestyle; diet, dress, language, social activities * Differs needs, wants, values, goals * Can be good but also draws lines and discrimination eg Aboriginals, Greeks, Italians, Lebanese Muslims, Tongans, Pacific Islanders, Jewish community, Asians, Sudanese * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; members of the indigenous community, indigenous meaning ‘first people’ NEEDS ACCESS TO SERVICES * Need services that have experience in dealing with different cultures; interpreters at most government departments * Can learn new language at schools, community centres for immigrants * Cultural groups value spiritual programs in their own language * Indigenous might be in remote area so hard to get support EDUCATION Need education to improve language skills for interaction with community, find and use resources, get qualifications to find employment * Indigenous have a greater risk of academic failure and dropping out of school, nee to learn about their customs and the available government funding provisions EMPLOYMENT * Employment means money, but cultural groups that come from overseas with overseas qualification or no qualification can find it hard to secure employme nt if they don’t speak the same language as their work/clients FINANCIAL SUPPORT * Might need help to finish Centrelink paperwork * Abstudy: for Indigenous people at school 14+, makes them stay in school so they can get a job * Indigenous people need support to get affordable housing, basic needs; government assistance provided HEALTH Different groups have different health issues; Indigenous have diabetes, Jews have hereditary condition Tay Sachs disease * Indigenous have lower life expectancy because of their poor health care and nutrition; need to improve health and education, government aims at this HOUSING * Cultural groups usually live closer together, so the similar culture gives sense of belonging and support. Language barriers with rest of community. * Aged usually live with family and don’t want to move with nursing home because of cultural/language barrier * Indigenous = need support services to get affordable and safe living standards SECURITY AND SAFETY * N eeded in community; some groups are scared and scarred from history and experience of violence. Some might experience racism for their differences, which is protected by the Anti-Discrimination Act * Risky behaviour and preventative measures = more and longer survival, better wellbeing SELF-ESTEEM * Pride in their culture, culture adds diversity to food, dance, music, costumes; gives them self-esteem to belong in that group * More academic achievement, employment, increase in health and nutrition, helps with emotional and social wellbeing SENSE OF IDENTITY * Sense of identity in their heritage and traditions; pride in culture brings sense of idenitity * Eg greek men brough up to be providers of families, New Zealanders have sporting pride, Fijians are devout Christians; ig part of the identity * Indigenous = learning programs teach about their traditional customs FACOTS AFFECTING ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR CULTURAL GROUPS AGE * Certain groups traditionally give more respect to the aged ; eg Indigenous, Japanese * Some need nursing homes that cater for their background, others forget English and only speak their original language so limits communication and understanding with family, friends * Indigenous = Abstudy is aged based DISABILITY * Some cultures get it more; eg Sudanese get physical disabilities from their home country atrocities. Handital; formal support for disabled Italians and their carers. Organisations for specific cultures in their community EDUCATION * For employment and income * Programs for education: Multicultural community centres with employment and training programs * Saturday School of Community Languages for young people to learn and speak native language * Tutor at school and uni for Indigenous students ETHNICITY/CULTURE * Formal resources for groups to meet needs, eg schools, nursing homes, community centres, hospitals * Centrelink has multilingual publications in different languages, and call centres. Makes them understand and use servic es GENDER * Impacts roles and responsibilities, eg men are providers LOCATION * Cultural group lives close together and closer to community support. * Rural cultural people get socially isolated, especially with language barriers SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS * Varies with individuals; Indigenous have lower due to low education and employment